سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

بخارائی, صالحه. (1396). محیط تحکم آمیز: بررسی تحلیلی نقش بنا و بستر. , 27(2), 5-20.
صالحه بخارائی. "محیط تحکم آمیز: بررسی تحلیلی نقش بنا و بستر". , 27, 2, 1396, 5-20.
بخارائی, صالحه. (1396). 'محیط تحکم آمیز: بررسی تحلیلی نقش بنا و بستر', , 27(2), pp. 5-20.
بخارائی, صالحه. محیط تحکم آمیز: بررسی تحلیلی نقش بنا و بستر. , 1396; 27(2): 5-20.

محیط تحکم آمیز: بررسی تحلیلی نقش بنا و بستر

صفه
مقاله 1، دوره 27، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 77، تیر 1396، صفحه 5-20    اصل مقاله (672.87 K)
نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی
نویسنده
صالحه بخارائی*
استادیار دانشکدة معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
محیط خاستگاه نیروهای مطلوب و نامطلوبی است که از منظر ناظر جذب و یا دفع می‌گردند. انسان تلاش دارد از طرق گوناگون بین نیروهای جاذب و دافع محیطی سطح خوشایندی از تعادل ایجاد کند. امروزه حضور در بین ساختمان‌های بلندمرتبه با قواره‌های غیر متعارف و بستر نامتناسب و تلاش برای دفع نیروهای ناموزون از جمله تجارب شایع است. دغدغة محقق در این پژوهش نیز تبیین وجوه و تشخیص کرانه‌های نیروهایی است که بار روانی محیط را نامطلوب و تعدی‌گونه می‌کنند. در این نوشتار ضمن بررسی ادبیات مرتبط با محیط‌های تحکم‌آمیز، شناخت مؤلفه‌های ساختاری آن، و تبیین وجوه ظاهری بنا، طی پژوهشی توصیفی‌ـ تحلیلی، بر سهم مؤثر هیکل بنا، به مثابة عامل اصلی تشدیدکنندة تعدی محیط و وسعت بستر، که مؤلفة غالب تضعیف‌کنندة این نیرو است، صحه گذارده می‌شود. دستاورد این پژوهش می‌تواند به تعیین تراکم ساختمانی مناسب و طراحی توده و فضا بیانجامد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
وزن بصری؛ محیط تحکمآمیز؛ هیکل متعدی؛ بستر؛ محصوریت
عنوان مقاله [English]
Oppressive Environments: an Analytical Investigation of the Role of Buildings and Settings
نویسندگان [English]
Saleheh Bokharaee
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]
There are both pleasant and unpleasant forces originating from the environment which can either interest or disinterest the observer. Humans try to make a pleasing balance with these environmental forces. A most common experience of presence in the mid of high-rise buildings with non-conventional configurations or disproportional settings leads one to attempt to leave the disinteresting forces. This study investigates the dimensions and extents of the forces which make the environment unpleasant and oppressive. After a literature review of oppressive environments, structural parameters and physical aspects of buildings are introduced. Through a descriptive-analytic investigation, the significance of the body of the building as the main oppressing factor and of the size of setting as the key parameter lessening it. The results of this research can be used to determine appropriate building densities and proper mass and space configurations.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
visual weight, oppressive environment, oppressive body, setting, enclosure
مراجع
  1. Appleton, J. The Experience of Landscape, John Wiley;
  2. Chichester, 1996.
  3. Asgarzadeh, M. & T. Koga & K. Hirate & M. Farvid & A.
  4. Lusk. “Investigating Oppressiveness and Spaciousness in
  5. Relation to Building, Trees, Sky, and Ground Surface: A
  6. Study in Tokyo”, in Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 131,
  7. , pp. 36–41
  8. Asgarzadeh, M. & T. Koga & N. Yoshizawa & J. Munakata
  9. & K. Hirate. “Investigating Green Urbanism; Building
  10. Oppressiveness”, in Journal of Asian Architecture and
  11. Building Engineering, 9(2) (2010), pp. 555–562.
  12. Asgarzadeh, M. & A. Lusk & T. Koga & K. Hirate. “Measuring
  13. Oppressiveness of Streetscapes”, in Landscape and Urban
  14. Planning, Vol.107, 2012, pp. 1–11.
  15. New York: North Point Press, 2000.
  16. Habitat. State of the World’s Cities Report. Nairobi: United
  17. Nations Center for Human Settlements, 2001.
  18. Helson, H. Adaptation Level Theory, NY: Harper & Row, 1964.
  19. Hiyoshi, S. & M. Takei. “A Study on the Sense of Oppression
  20. by a Large Scale Building in Consideration of the
  21. Effect of Environmental Buildings and on the Limit of
  22. Allowance”, in Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual
  23. Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan. D, Environmental
  24. Engineering, 1990, pp. 23–24 (Japanese Translated).
  25. Hwang, T. A Study of the Oppressive Feeling in Urban Space,
  26. PhD dissertation, Department of Architecture, Graduate
  27. School of Engineering, Tokyo University (Japanese), 2007.
  28. Hwang, T. & N. Yoshizawa & J. Munakata & K. Hirate. A Study
  29. on the Oppressive Feeling Caused by the Buildings in Urban
  30. Space, Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan,
  31. (616) (2007), pp. 25–30 (Japanese).
  32. Krier, L. Architecture: Choice or Fate, Windsor: Andreas
  33. Papadakis, 1998.
  34. Sorensen, A. “Uneven Processes of Institutional Change:
  35. Path Dependence, Scale and the Contested Regulation of
  36. Urban Development in Japan”, in International Journal of
  37. Urban and Regional Research, 35 (2011), pp. 712–734.
  38. Nasar, J.L. (Ed.). Environmental Aesthetics: Theory, Research,
  39. and Application, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  40. ________ . The Evaluative Image of the City, Sage
  41. Publication, 1998.
  42. Sponselee, A.-M. & Y.A.W. de Kort & A.L. Meijnders. “Healing
  43. Media: The Moderating Role of Presence in Restoring
  44. from Stress in a Mediated Environment”, in Proceedings of
  45. Presence, 2004, pp. 197–203.
  46. Takei, M. & M. Oohara. Experimental Study on Measurement
  47. Beatley, T. Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities,
  48. Washington: Island Press, 1999.
  49. Bell, C.C. & D.C. Clark. “Adolescent Suicide”, in Pediatric
  50. Clinics of North America, Vol. 45, 1998, pp. 365–380.
  51. Berlyne, D.E. Aesthetics and Psychobiology, New York:
  52. Appleton-Century, 1972.
  53. Byun, K. & N. Yoshizawa & J. Munakata & T. Koga & K.
  54. Hirate. “A Discussion on the Evaluating Indicators of the
  55. Sense of Physical Oppression and the Sense of Openness
  56. Using Imaging Experiments”, in Journal of Environmental
  57. Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), 76 (660) (2011), pp.
  58. –113 (Japanese Translated).
  59. Duany, A. & E. Plater-Zyberk & J. Speck. Suburban Nation
  60. of the Sense of Oppression by a Building: (Part-1)
  61. Psychological Analysis of the Sense of Oppression Caused by
  62. a Building and the Device for the Experiment, Transactions
  63. of the Architectural Institute of Japan, No. 261, 1977, pp.
  64. –114 (Japanese Translated).
  65. Takei, M. & M. Oohara. Experimental Study on Measurement
  66. of the Sense of Oppression by a Building: (Part-2) Selection
  67. Process of the Physical Scale and Proposal of the Equation
  68. for Estimating the Sense of Oppression Caused by a Building
  69. in Housing Area, Transactions of the Architectural Institute
  70. of Japan, No. 262, 1977, pp. 103–113 (Japanese Translated).
  71. Takei, M. & M. Oohara. Experimental Study on Measurement
  72. of the Sense of Oppression by a Building: (Part-3)
  73. Consideration of the Distance to a Building, And Relation
  74. between Color Effect of Exterior Wall and the Sense of
  75. Oppression, Transactions of the Architectural Institute of
  76. Japan, No. 263, 1978, pp. 71–80 (Japanese Translated).
  77. Takei, M. & M. Oohara. Experimental Study on Measurement
  78. of the Sense of Oppression by a Building: (Part-3) Estimation
  79. of a Permissible of the Sense of Oppression and Conclusion
  80. of this Study, Transactions of the Architectural Institute of
  81. Japan, No. 310,1981, pp. 98–106 (Japanese Translated).
  82. Van den Berg, A.E. & T. Hartig & H. Staats. “Preference for
  83. Nature in Urbanized Societies: Stress, Restoration, and the
  84. Pursuit of Sustainability”, in Journal of Social Issues, 63(1)
  85. (2007), pp.79-96.
  86. Wohlwill, J.F. “Envirnmental Aesthetics: The Environment
  87. as a Source of Affect”, in I. Altman & J.F. Wohlwill (Eds.),
  88. Human Behavior and Environment: Advances in Theory and
  89. Research, New York: Plenum Vol. 1, (1976), pp. 37-86.
  90. Wong, P.T.P. “Effective Management of Life Stress: The
  91. Resource-congruence Model”, in Stress Medicine, 9(1993),
  92. pp. 51–60
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 189
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 220