واکاوی وضعیت راهیابی دانشآموختگان تکنولوژی آموزشی به بازار کار و تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر آن | ||
| مدیریت و برنامه ریزی در نظام های آموزشی | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 26، 1400، صفحه 341-366 اصل مقاله (1.02 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.52547/MPES.14.1.341 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جعفر احمدی گل* 1؛ حجت دهقانزاده2؛ عیسی رضایی3 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشگاه مجازی علوم پزشکی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: پیشرفت جوامع بالاخص کشورهای درحال توسعه تا حد زیادی در گرو گسترش نهادهای دانشگاهی است. همچنین یکی از مهمترین ویژگیهای نهادهای آموزشی، درهمتنیدگی ساختارهای آموزش و اشتغال است. در واقع هر آموزشی باید بازدهی یا توجیه اقتصادی داشته باشد که عالیترین نوع آن ایجاد اشتغال متناسب با فراگیر است. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر به بررسی وضعیت راهیابی دانشجویان و فارغالتحصیلان کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی به بازار کار و عوامل مؤثر بر آن از نظر متخصصان پرداخته است. مواد و روشها: در پژوهش حاضر از روش توصیفی–پیمایشی استفاده شده و شامل دو مرحله است. در ابتدا جهت شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در راهیابی دانشآموختگان تکنولوژی آموزشی به بازار کار مصاحبه نیمهساختار انجام گرفت؛ در مرحله دوم براساس عوامل شناسایی شده پرسشنامهای تدوین گردید و برای نظرسنجی از دانشجویان و فارغالتحصیلان مقاطع کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری در این زمینه استفاده شد. نمونه آماری در مرحله اول، 24 نفر از اساتید و متخصصان رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی بود که با روش هدفمند از نوع متجانس انتخاب شدند و در مرحله دوم، 192 نفر از دانشجویان و فارغالتحصیلان مقاطع کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی در ایران با روش نمونهگیری در دسترس پرسشنامه را تکمیل کردند. اعتبار عوامل شناسایی شده در مصاحبه قبل از توزیع در جامعه آماری برای 3 نفر از اساتید رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی ارسال شد و نظرات و پیشنهادات ایشان اعمال گردید سپس پرسشنامه نهایی تدوین شد؛ روایی پرسشنامه، به روش داوری تخصصی صاحبنظران رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی و اعمال نظرات و اصلاحات ایشان انجام پذیرفت. پایایی نیز براساس آلفای کرونباخ معادل74/0 محاسبه شد. تحلیل دادهها در نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 22 انجام گرفت. برای تحلیل دادهها از شاخصهای آمار توصیفی فراوانی، میانگین و انحراف معیار و برای تعیین تفاوت بین هر یک از گروههای عوامل مؤثر در اشتغال از آزمون t تک نمونه ای و آزمون فریدمن استفاده شد. بحث و نتیجهگیری: در مرحله اول پژوهش طبق نظر متخصصان 22 عامل مؤثر در اشتغال دانش آموختگان رشته شناسایی شد. این عوامل براساس قرابت در چهار حیطه، 1. عوامل مرتبط با رشته، 2. عوامل مرتبط با دانشجویان و فارغالتحصیلان، 3. عوامل مرتبط با اساتید رشته، و4. عوامل مرتبط با جامعه و مسئولان کشور دستهبندی شد. طبق نتایج مرحله دوم پژوهش تمام عوامل شناسایی شده به وسیله متخصصان رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی در جذب دانش آموختگان به بازار کار تأثیرگذار هستند. با این حال عوامل آگاهی و بروز بودن دانش اساتید رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی، وجود اساتید تخصصی رشته تکنولوژی آموزشی در اکثر دانشگاههای کشور و تدوین سرفصل های دروس دانشگاه مبتنی بر نیاز بازار کار بیشترین میانگین و عوامل سطح توقع بالای دانشجویان از ماهیت رشته، داشتن دانش بازاریابی، فعالیت انجمن های علمی و شناخت کافی از موقعیت و جایگاه های اجتماعی مرتبط با رشته تحصیلی کمترین میانگین را داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اشتغال؛ تکنولوژی آموزشی؛ دانش آموختگان؛ دانشجویان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analyzing the Employability of Educational Technology Graduates and Detecting the Effecting Factors | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Jafar Ahmadigol1؛ Hojjat Dehghanzadeh2؛ Eisa Rezaei3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. of Educational Technology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. Student of Educational Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Technology, Virtual University of Medical Sciences: Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: The development of societies, especially developing countries, largely depends on the expansion of academic institutions. Also, one of the most important features of educational institutions is the intertwining of education and employment structures. Any education should have economic efficiency, the highest type of which is to create employment appropriate to the student. Based on this, the present study has dealt with the issue of the status of students and graduates of master's and doctoral degrees in the field of educational technology to the labor market and the factors affecting it from the perspective of experts. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a survey method is used and consists of two stages. Initially, a semi-structured interview was conducted to identify the effective factors in guiding educational technology graduates to the labor market; In the second stage, a questionnaire was developed based on the identified factors and was used to survey students and graduates of master's and doctoral degrees in this field. The statistical sample in the first stage was 24 professors and specialists in the field of educational technology who were selected by a homogeneous purposeful method. They completed the availability of the questionnaire. The validity of the factors identified in the interview before distribution in the statistical community was sent to 3 professors of educational technology and their comments and suggestions were applied, then the final questionnaire was developed; The validity of the questionnaire was done by the method of a specialized judgment of experts in the field of educational technology. Reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.74. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 22. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics of frequency, mean and standard deviation were used, and to determine the differences between each of the groups of factors affecting employment, a one-sample t-test and Friedman test were used. Discussion and Conclusion: In the first phase of the study, according to experts, 22 factors affecting graduates' employment were identified. These factors are in four areas: 1. Factors related to the field, 2. Factors related to students and graduates, 3. Factors related to professors, and 4. Factors related to society and country officials. According to the results of the second phase of the research, all the factors identified by experts in the field of educational technology are effective in attracting graduates to the labor market. However, the factors of knowledge of educational technology professors, the existence of experienced professors in educational technology and the compilation of university courses based on the needs of the labor market are the highest average and factors of high student expectations of field, the activity of scientific associations and sufficient knowledge of the social status and positions related to the field of study had the lowest average. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Objective: The development of societies, especially developing countries, largely depends on the expansion of academic institutions. Also, one of the most important features of educational institutions is the intertwining of education and employment, In the second stage, a questionnaire was developed based on the identified factors and was used to survey students and graduates of master's and doctoral degrees in this field. The statistical sample in the first stage was 24 professors and speciali, The validity of th | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
AkbarPour, H., Liani, Gh. & Zibaie, M. (2015). Investigating the factors affecting the employment of graduates of agricultural colleges: A case study of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shiraz University. Second National Conference on Agriculture and Development. Shiraz, Shiraz University. Biyabangard, E. (2015). Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Doran Publishing. Borumand, M. R., Hemmatinejhad, M. A., Ramazaninejhad, R, Razavi, S, M. H. & Malekakhlagh, E. (2011). Investigating Barriers to Employment of Physical Education and Sports Science Graduates in Iran. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 7 (14), 51-72. Budria Santiago, T. (2008). The Contribution of Vocational Training to Employment, Job-Related Skills and Productivity: Evidence from Madeira Island. IZA Discussion Papers 3462, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Dehyori, S., Farajallah hoseini, S.J. & Hoseini, S.M. (2009). Survey of employment status of graduates of agricultural sciences in the University of Tehran. Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research (Iranian Agricultural Sciences). 39 (1). 123-131. Delavar, A. (2015). Probability and Applied Statistics in Psychology and Educational Sciences. Tehran: Roshd Publishing. Easterbrook, M. J., Kuppens, T., & Manstead, A. S. (2016). The education effect: Higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with beneficial personal and socio-political outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 126(3), 1261-1298. Farhadian, H. (2019) Theoretical Foundations of Instructional Technology. Tehran: Samt. Ghorbani ghahfarokhi, L. & Farahani, A. (2014). Determine the effects of physical training on the employment of graduates of master of public and private universities. Contemporary study on sports management. 4 (8), 41-54. Hanapi, Z., & Nordin, M. S. (2014). Unemployment among Malaysia Graduates: Graduates’ attributes, lecturers’ competency and quality of education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 1056-1063. Malekpour A. & Mohammadi F. (2013). Investigating the fields and barriers to employment of university graduates. Social, economic, scientific and cultural monthly magazine of work and society. Issue 157. Marouani, M.A., 2009.” More Jobs for University Graduates: Some Policy Options for Tunisia”, Development Institution and Analyses the long term. Nasrudin Mohamed. (2004). Graduate Unemployment; Perspectives & Brief Analysis. Journal of Administrative Science. Nasr, A.R., Arizi, H.R., Abolghasemi, M., Pakseresht, J., Kiyamanesh, A.R., Bagheri, Kh., Khayer, M., Shahni, M., Khosrsvi, Z. (2019). Educational Research: An Introduction. Tehran. Samt Publisher. Nazari, Katoli, A. (2009). Employment Challenges of University Graduates. Industrial Management Organization. Noor Azina I. (2011). Graduate Characteristics and Unemployment: A Study among Malaysian Graduate. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2. (16). Omar, C. M. Z. C., & Rajoo, S. (2016). Unemployment among graduates in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 26, 367-374. Parand, K., Nirumand, P., Faraji, A., Alizadeh, A. & Ahadiye, N. (2011). Provide a proposed framework for skills training and equipping students with a core competency approach. The first international conference on Iran's technology industry and export. Pourkazemi, M.H. (2009). A survey of employment of state universities' graduates in humanities. Journal of Research and Planning in Health Education, No. 52. 127–150. Rahmah etal. (2011). Employer Perceptions on Graduates in Malaysian Services Sector. Medwell Journals, 5(3):184-193. Rahmani, R., & Clooney, A. (2003). Challenges of the higher education system in relation to the employment of graduates. The first conference of the employment and higher education system of the country. Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University. Rezvani, M., Hosseinzadeh, Ma., & Baghgoli, H.(2015). Career analysis of engineering graduates of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Engineering Education Conference in 2025. Mashhad, Ferdowsi University. Rezaian, M., Tavakol, M. & Naveebrahim, A. (2018). Challenges of Non-Profit, Non-Governmental Universities and Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Management and Planning in Educational Systems, 2018, Vol. 11 (2), 9-26. Salehi Omrani, E. (2006). Employment status of female graduates: A case study. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 12 (2), 41-60. Unni, J. (2016). Skill gaps and employability: Higher education in India. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 1(1), 18-34. Zarafshani, K., Sharafi L., Ghambar Ali, R & Poorghasem, F. (2016). Factors Influencing the Attraction and Retention of Vocational Training in Kermanshash Province. Journal of Management and Planning in Educational Systems. Vol. 9 (16), 115-142. Römgens, I., Scoupe, R., & Beausaert, S. (2020). Unraveling the concept of employability, bringing together research on employability in higher education and the workplace. Studies in Higher Education, 45(12), 2588-2603. Sumanasiri, E. G. T., M. S. A.Yajid, and A.Khatibi. (2015). “Conceptualizing Learning and Employability ‘Learning and Employability Framework’.” Journal of Education and Learning 4 (2): 53–63. Kumar, A. (2007). Personal, Academic and Career Development in Higher Education. SOARing to Success. London and New York: Routledge. Knight, P., and M.Yorke. (2004). Learning, Curriculum and Employability in Higher Education. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Hinchliffe, G. W., and A.Jolly. (2011). “Graduate Identity and Employability.” British Educational Research Journal 37 (4): 563–584. Dacre Pool, L., and P.Sewell (2007). “The Key to Employability: Developing a Practical Model of Graduate Employability.” Education + Training 49 (4): 277–289. Dacre Pool, L., P.Qualter, and P. J.Sewell. (2014). “Exploring the Factor Structure of the CareerEDGE Employability Development Profile.” Education + Training 56 (4): 303–313. Bridgstock, R. (2009). “The Graduate Attributes We’ve Overlooked: Enhancing Graduate Employability Through Career Management Skills.” Higher Education Research & Development 28 (1): 31–44. Peeters, E., J.Nelissen, N.De Cuyper, A.Forrier, M.Verbruggen, and H.De Witte. (2019). Employability Capital: A Conceptual Framework Tested Through Expert Analysis. Journal of Career Development, 46 (2): 79–93. Sharifi Asadi Malafe F., Khorasani A.*, Fathi Vajargah K., Salehi Omran E. (2019) Employability skills of Academic Graduates: An Exploratory Mixed Approach. Journal of Theory and Practice in Curriculum. 7(13): 29-52 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 6,914 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 4,488 |
||