واکاوی آثار پاندمی کرونا بر اجرای استانداردهای جهانی کار؛ چالش‌ها یا فرصت‌ها و راهبردهای ممکن | ||
| فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 24، شماره 94، تیر 1400، صفحه 141-165 اصل مقاله (775.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/jlr.2021.185354.1732 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزانه پورسعید1؛ فرهاد طلایی* 2؛ سهراب مختاری1 | ||
| 1اداره کل تعاون کار و رفاه اجتماعی فارس | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز ، شیراز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده بروز پاندمی کرونا (covid-19) در اوایل سال ۲۰۲۰ میلادی، ضرورت توسعه راهبردهای بشر محور در بحران‌ها را بدیهی‌تر نموده است. استانداردهای جهانی کار، الگوهای مدون از رویکرد بشر محور جهت تحقق عدالت اجتماعی می‌باشند. نظام بین‌المللی کار در این برهه با چالش جدی‌تر کار شایسته و آینده کار مواجه گردیده است. در شرایط کنونی، استانداردهایی همچون اشتغال، بهداشت، ایمنی و حمایت کارگران به ویژه در گروه‌های خاص کاری مهاجرین، زنان، کودکان و دیگر گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر اهمیت بسیاری یافته است. تاب‌آوری در بحران از سویی مستلزم شناخت و پیاده‌سازی فرصت‌های تحقق استانداردهای جهانی کار است و از دیگر سوی رفع خلأها و چالش‌های اجرای آنها را ضروری ساخته است. این نوشتار با رویکرد توصیفی_تحلیلی به واکاوی آثار بحران کرونا بر استانداردهای جهانی حوزه کار و اشتغال پرداخته و نتیجه می‌گیرد پاندمی کرونا، مصداق نوظهور بحران و چالش‌های آینده کار می‌باشد که چون اشتغال را به نحو غیر قابل پیشبینی دگرگون نموده است، نظام جهانی را ناگزیر به اتخاذ خط مشی می‌نماید. رویکردهایی چون ترسیم نقشه نوین مشاغل آینده، استانداردسازی و بازبینی هنجارهای موجود کار جهانی همچون تحول ترتیبات کاری (دورکاری) و حمایت از کارگران و بنگاه‌های اقتصادی، راهبرد اساسی تاب‌آوری در بحران کنونی خواهد بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کلید واژگان؛ استانداردهای جهانی کار؛ بحران؛ پاندمی کرونا(COVID-19)؛ سازمان بین‌المللی کار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of Corona pandemic Effects on the Implementation of International Labour Standards: Challenges or Opportunities and Possible Strategies | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzaneh Poorsaied1؛ Farhad Talaie2؛ Sohrab Mokhtari1 | ||
| 1Department of labour | ||
| 2Associate professor of International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract The emergence of the Corona pandemic )covid-19( in early 2020 has made the need for the development of humanitarian strategies in Crisis more obvious. The international labour system at this time is facing a more serious challenge of decent and future work. In the current situation, standards such as employment, health and safety and workers support, especially for a special group of migrants, women, children and other vulnerable groups, have become very important. crisis resilience, on the other hand requires recognizing and implementing opportunities to meet global standards and on the other hand, has made it necessary to close gaps and challenges in their implementation. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical approach to analyze the effects on the corona crisis on the global standards in the field of Labour and Employment and concludes that Corona pandemic is an emerging example of the crisis and future challenges of work that, because it has transformed employment in on unpredictable way, forces the word system to adopt a policy. approaches such as plotting future jobs, standardizing and reviewing global labour norms, including work arrangement (Telework), and supporting workers and workplaces will be a key resilience strategy in the current crisis. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Keywords: International Labour Standards, Crisis, Corona Pandemic (COVID-19), International Labour Organization | ||
| مراجع | ||
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منابع انگلیسی Books 1.International Labour Organization. Practical Guide on Teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2020. Articles 2.ILO, "ILO Standards and COVID-19 (coronavirus)," FAQ - Key provisions of international labour standards relevant to COVID-19 outbreak ver. 2.1, International Labour Organization, 2020. 3.ILO, "A policy framework for tackling the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 crisis," ILO Briefing note, 2020. 4.Belzunegui, E. & Garces, E. "Teleworking in the Context of the Covid-19 Crisis," Sustainability Vol 12 issue 9, 2020. 5.Top, D. & Garces, E. "Overview and Perspectives of Labour Law against the Corona Virus Pandemic (Covid-19): Romania," Libros de la Comunidad CIELO Laboral, 2020. 6.Rosa, G. Director of ILO Office for Italy and San Marino, "Measures adopted in Italy to support workers, families and enterprises during the COVID-19 emergency," ILO Policy brief, 2020. 7.Fana, M. and Pérez, S. and Macias, E. "Employment impact of Covid-19 crisis: from short term effects to long terms prospects," Journal of Industrial and Business Economics 47, 2020:393. 8.Jones, S. and Lange, F. And Warman, C. "Waiting for Recovery: The Canadian Labour Market in June 2020," Canadian Public Policy, 2020. 9.Pereira, A. "News and Views HIV/Aids and Discrimination in the Workplace: The Cook and the Surgeon Living with HIV,"European Journal of Health Law 17(2), 2010. 10.Pozzan, E. & Cattaneo, U. "Women health Workers: Working relentlessly in hospitals and at home," ILO news story, 2020. 11.ILO, "The Covid-19 Response: Getting gender Equality Right for a Better Future for Women at Work," ILO Policy Brief, 2020. 12.United Nations, "Policy Brief: The world of work and Covid-19," United Nations Policy Brief, June 2020. فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی شماره 94 واکاوی آثار پاندمی کرونا بر اجرای استانداردهای جهانی کار؛... 061 13.Dasgupta, J. & Mitra, S. "A Gender-responsive Policy and Fiscal response to the Pandemic," Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 55, Issue No. 22, 2020. 14.United Nations, "Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Arab Region an Opportunity to Build Back Better," United Nations Policy Brief, June 2020. 15.ILO, "ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work," ILO Briefing note Second edition, April 2020. 16.ILO, "Resolution concerning the second recurrent discussion on social dialogue and tripartism," 107th Session of the International Labour Conference, 2018. 17.Martins, P. & Saraiva, J. "Assessing the Legal Value Added of Collective Bargaining Agreements," GLO Discussion Paper Series 406, 2019. 18.Byrne, S. & Coates, D. & Keenan, E. & McIndoe-Calder, T. "The Initial Labour Market Impact of COVID-19," Economic Letters of Central Bank of Ireland 04/EL/20, 2020. 19.Campbell, M. and Fredman, S. And Fudge, J. "A Better Future for Women at Work," University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal, 2018. Documents 20.ILO, Convention No. C111: Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention (No. 111), 1958. 21.ILO, Convention No. C122: Employment Policy Convention (No. 122), 1964. 22.ILO, Convention No. C29: Forced Labour Convention (No. 29), 1930. 23.ILO, Convention No. C87: Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention (No. 87), 1948. 24.ILO, Convention No. C131: Minimum Wage Fixing Convention (No. 131), 1970. 25.ILO, Convention No. C152: Occupational Safety and Health (Dock Work) Convention (No. 152), 1979. 26.ILO, Convention No. C95: Protection of Wages Convention (No. 95), 1949. 27.ILO, Convention No. C98: Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention (No. 167), 1949. فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی شماره 94 واکاوی آثار پاندمی کرونا بر اجرای استانداردهای جهانی کار؛... 060 28.ILO, Convention No. C167: Safety and Health in Construction Convention (No. 167), 1988. 29.ILO, Convention No. C176: Safety and Health in Mines Convention (No. 176), Article 16. 1995. 30.ILO, Convention No. C62: Safety Provisions (Building) Convention (No. 62), Article 16.1937. 31.ILO, Recommendation No. R205: Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience Recommendation (No. 205), 2017. 32.ILO, Convention No.C155: Occupational Safety and Health Convention (No. 155), Article 16.1981. Internet Sources 33.ILO, Keys for effective teleworking during the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Labour Organization News (26 March 2020), available at https://www.ilo.org/global/about-theilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_739879/lang--en/index.htm ,(last visited on 09/17/ 2020). | ||
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