2حقوق کیفری و جرمشناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
چکیده در اثر پیشرفت پیوند عضو، مسافرت برای پیوند روزبهروز بیشتر شده است. مسافرت افراد بهمنظور پیوند عضو رفتاری مشروع است که در برخی شرایط یا در صورت ارتکاب برخی رفتارهای غیراخلاقی یا غیرقانونی تحت عنوان «توریسم پیوند»شناخته میشود. توریسم پیوند عمدتاً در اثر ضعف قوانین داخلی و کمبود جهانی عضو گسترش یافته است. این پدیده در سالهای اخیر موضوع اسناد بینالمللی قرار گرفته و ممنوعیت، پیشگیری از آن و گاه جرمانگاری آن مورد تأکید قرار گرفته است. وضعیت این پدیده در ایران و رویکرد اتخاذشده در مقابله با آن نیازمند بررسی و ارزیابی است. از یک سو، توریسم پیوند با «قاچاق انسان بهمنظور برداشت عضو» و «قاچاق عضو» مرتبط بوده و همپوشانی قابلتوجهی بین پدیدههای مذکور وجود دارد. این امر اتخاذ یک رویکرد جامع در این حوزه را ایجاب مینماید. از سوی دیگر، توریسم پیوند پدیدهای فراملی بوده و رویارویی با آن، مستلزم مشارکت اعضای جامعه بینالمللی است. این در حالی است که ایران بهعنوان یکی از اعضای جامعه بینالمللی، فاقد رویکرد مناسب در برابر توریسم پیوند است. با توجه به ضعف مقررات داخلی و فاصله آنها با دیدگاه جامعه بینالمللی، ورود قانونگذار به موضوع برای پیشبینی راهبرد کارآمد در مقابله با توریسم پیوند ضروری است. الزامات این راهبرد شامل تعریف توریسم پیوند، پیشگیری از این پدیده و جرمانگاری آن با در نظر گرفتن ویژگیهای این پدیده و مرتکبان آن است.
واژگان کلیدی: توریسم پیوند، مسافرت برای پیوند، پیوند عضو، قاچاق عضو
Transplant Tourism in International Instruments and Domestic Law
نویسندگان [English]
Hosein Mirmohammad sadeghi1؛ Afzal Khosravi2
1Criminal Law and Criminology, Law Faculty, Shahid beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2Criminal Law and Criminalogy, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Abstract In the light of advances in organ transplantation, travel for transplantation has been surging with the passage of time. Travel for the purpose of transplantation is a legitimate behavior that in certain circumstances or in the event of committing some unethical or illegal conduct becomes "Transplant Tourism". Transplant tourism has expanded largely due to the weakness of national laws and the global shortage of organs. This phenomenon has been the subject of numerous international instruments in recent decades and its prohibition, prevention, and sometimes criminalization have been stressed in this regard. On the one hand, transplant tourism is related to "trafficking in persons for organ removal" and "organ trafficking", and there is a significant overlap between such phenomena. This entails a comprehensive approach in this area. On the other hand, transplant tourism is a transnational phenomenon, and thus the participation of members of the international community is necessary to address this problem. Nevertheless, Iran, as a member of the international community, lacks a suitable approach to transplant tourism. Due to the weakness of the domestic regulations and their distance from the international community's perspective, it is essential that the legislator be involved with the issue to anticipate an appropriate approach to tackling transplant tourism. Requirements for such an approach include the definition of transplant tourism, prevention of this phenomenon, and its criminalization, while taking into account the characteristics of this phenomenon and its perpetrators.
Keywords: transplant tourism, travel for transplantation, organ transplantation, organ trafficking
کلیدواژهها [English]
"transplant tourism", "travel for transplantation", "organ transplantation", "organ trafficking"
مراجع
فهرست منابع
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Instruments
CoE Recommendation REC (2004)7 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on organ trafficking. Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 May 2004 at the 884th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.
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