ارزیابی تاثیر سوپر جاذب و پوشش گیاهی بر روی بام سبز در اقلیم سرد خشک | ||
| فصلنامه علوم محیطی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 20، شماره 3، 1401، صفحه 53-70 اصل مقاله (639.56 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.52547/envs.2021.1075 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرهاد میثاقی* 1؛ زینب بیگدلی2؛ مصطفی رزاق منش3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه کلرادو، امریکا | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: شهرنشینی در جهان رو به افزایش است و جمعیت شهری جهان در حال متراکم تر شدن در شهرها می باشد. یکی از اثرات شهرنشینی افزایش درصد سطوح نفوذ ناپذیر در این مناطق می باشد. امروزه بسیاری از شهرهای مهم جهان، برای کاهش اثرات توسعه شهر خود بر کیفیت و کمیت رواناب، به مفهوم توسعه پایدار توجه نموده و از فنّاوریهای مدرن سبز مدیریتی، شامل بهترین روشهای مدیریتی و روشهای توسعه با حداقل اثرات جانبی بهره میگیرند. بام سبز، یک سیستم چندلایه ای است که سقف و بالکن یک ساختمان را با پوشش گیاهی پوشانده و با جذب و نگهداری بخشی از باران، و با تاثیرگذاری بر روی فرایندهای تبخیر و تعرق، تصفیه، حجم و شدت جریان اوج رواناب، ابعاد سیستم زهکش پایین دست را کاهش داده و موجب بهبود کیفیت آب و هوا، حفظ زیبائی شهر و جلوگیری از هدر رفت انرژی ساختمان میگردد. مواد و روش ها: این پژوهش به صورت آزمایش میدانی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان انجام گرفت. زمان آزمایش از فروردین ماه تا مرداد ماه سال 1397 بود. در این تحقیق تاثیر استفاده از سوپر جاذب (زئولیت)، بر میزان جذب و نگهداشت آب، بیشترین و کمترین حجم رواناب، حجم زه آب، رسوب و زمان شروع رواناب حاصل از بارندگی در شدت بارش های 35، 45، 55، 65 و 75 میلیمتر در ساعت بر روی بام سبز با شیب 5 درصد، در اقلیم سرد خشک بررسی شده است. نتایج و بحث: بر این اساس با افزایش شدت بارش، حجم رواناب نیز افزایش می یابد و حجم رواناب در خاک بایر بیشتر از بقیه تیمارها بوده و روند نزولی آن به ترتیب خاک حاوی زئولیت 1درصد، خاک حاوی زئولیت 3 درصد و خاک کشت شده می باشد. همچنین حجم زه آب با افزایش شدت بارش افزایشیافته و بالاترین مقدار حجم زه آب متعلق به خاک بایر می باشد. رسوب اندازهگیری شده در رواناب نیز با افزایش شدت بارش در تیمارها، به غیر تیمار چمن، افزایش می یابد. نتیجه گیری: خاک بایر به دلیل سله بستن لایه های سطحی آن و گرفتگی منافذ دارای حجم رواناب بسیار بالایی می باشد. افزودن زئولیت به خاک باعث کاهش محسوس حجم رواناب و نگهداشت بیشتر آب نسبت به خاک بایر گردید. میزان فرسایش در خاک دارای زئولیت 1 درصد بالا بود و کمترین میزان فرسایش در چمن بود. در خاک بایر چون نفوذ آب کم است، بعد از مدت زمان کمی بعد از بارش، آب به صورت رواناب جاری می گردد، اما زئولیت این خاصیت و ویژگی را دارد که با اضافه شدن به خاک زمان شروع رواناب 3 درصد طولانی تر می شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بام سبز؛ سوپر جاذب؛ رواناب؛ نگهداشت آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the effect of super adsorbent and vegetation on green roof in cold dry climate | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farhad Misaghi1؛ Zeinab Bigdeli2؛ Mostafa Razzaghmanesh3 | ||
| 1Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, USA | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Urbanization is increasing in the world and the world's urban population is becoming denser in cities. One of the effects of urbanization is the increase in the percentage of impervious surfaces in these areas. Today, many important cities in the world pay attention to the concept of sustainable development in order to reduce the effects of their city development on the quality and quantity of runoff and use modern green management technologies, including the best management methods and development methods with minimal side effects. A green roof is a multi-layered system that covers the roof and balcony of a building with vegetation and by absorbing and keeping part of the rain, and by influencing the processes of evaporation and transpiration, purification, the volume and intensity of the peak flow of runoff, the dimensions The drainage system reduces the downstream and improves the quality of air and water, preserves the beauty of the city and prevents the wastage of building energy. Material and methods: This research was conducted as a field experiment in the Faculty of Agriculture of Zanjan University. The test period was from April to August of 2017. In this research, the effect of the use of super absorbent (zeolite) on the amount of water absorption and retention, the maximum and minimum volume of runoff, the volume of runoff, sediment and the start time of the runoff resulting from rainfall in the rain intensity of 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 mm/h has been investigated on a green roof with a slope of 5%, in a cold dry climate. Results and discussion: Based on this, with the increase in the intensity of rainfall, the volume of runoff also increases, and the volume of runoff in barren soil is more than the rest of the treatments, and its downward trend is soil containing 1% zeolite, soil containing 3% zeolite, and cultivated soil. Be Also, the volume of runoff increased with the increase in rainfall intensity and the highest value of runoff volume belongs to barren soil. The sediment measured in the runoff also increases with the increase in the intensity of precipitation in the treatments, except for the grass treatment. Conclusion: Barren soil has a very high volume of runoff due to the sealing of its surface layers and clogging of pores. Adding zeolite to the soil significantly reduced the volume of runoff and retained more water than barren soil. The rate of erosion in soil with 1% zeolite was high and the rate of erosion was the lowest in grass. In barren soil, because the penetration of water is low, after a short period of time after the rain, the water flows as runoff, but zeolite has the property and characteristic that when added to the soil, the time for the start of runoff is lengthened by 3%. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| green roof, super absorbent, runoff, water retention | ||
| مراجع | ||
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