چالشهای حقوق رقابت در شرایط شیوع بیماری کرونا | ||
| فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی | ||
| دوره 25، ویژه نامه حقوق و کرونا شماره 2، خرداد 1401، صفحه 321-353 اصل مقاله (423.11 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/jlr.2022.226839.2177 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| ابراهیم رهبری* | ||
| استادیار، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بروز بیماری همه‌گیر کرونا شرایط اقتصادی خاصی را رقم زده که آثار خود را بر فضای رقابت در بازارها نیز هویدا کرده است. مقالۀ حاضر می‌کوشد تا نحوۀ مواجهۀ حقوق رقابت با مشکلات و چالشهای رقابتی را در پرتو مصالح عمومی و ضرورت تأمین سلامت عمومی تحلیل کند. در نوشتار حاضر ابعاد توافقات، اعمال یک‌جانبه، تمرکزات، کمک‌های دولتی و مداخلات یک‌جانبۀ دولت در گسترۀ رقابت، در سایۀ موقعیت‌های خاصی که بیماری کووید 19 پدید آورده است، از منظر هنجارهای حقوقی رقابتی بررسی میشود. این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که حقوق رقابت ضمن آنکه برای تأمین کارایی اقتصادی در موقعیت بحران انعطاف زیادی به خرج داده، معافیت‌های چشمگیری در نظر می‌گیرد. ولی در بازارهای خاص بهداشتی و مایحتاج ضروری عمومی، نظارت‌های خود را شدت بخشیده است. مقابله با همکاری‌های غیرضروری رقبا به‌ویژه در مقولۀ مبادلۀ اطلاعات حساس رقابتی، قیمت‌گذاری گزاف محصولات بهداشتی، منع اظهارات گمراه‌کننده در مورد داروها یا روش‌های درمانی کرونا، تسهیل ادغام میان بنگاه‌های تحقیق و توسعۀ فعال در حوزۀ سلامت، قاعده‌مند کردن کمک‌های دولتی به بنگاه‌های زیان‌دیده از این بحران و تنظیم اصولی مداخلات یک‌جانبه و مستقیم دولت در جریان رقابت، از وظایف مهم حقوق رقابت در برهۀ ویژۀ کنونی به شمار می‌آید. باوجوداین، نمی‌توان انکار کرد که حقوق رقابت مهیای مواجهه با همۀ ابعاد بحران کرونا و برقراری موازنه میان حفظ ارزش‌های رقابت و تداوم‌بخشی به فعالیت‌های اقتصادی و تأمین منافع و سلامت عمومی نیست. این موضوع در حقوق ایران که فاقد هرگونه موازینی در این خصوص است، مشهودتر است که بازنگری جدی در قواعد موجود ایجاب می‌کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حقوق رقابت؛ بحران اقتصادی؛ بیماری کرونا؛ قیمت‌گذاری گزاف؛ تبانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Challenges for Competition Law during Prevalence of Covid-19 | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| ebrahim rabari | ||
| Assistant Professor of Law, Shahid Beheshti University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The emergence of Covid-19 disease has made a particular economic situation which by its turn has affected competition in different markets. This research is going to analyze the approach of competition law in front of competition challenges in the light of public interests and ensuring public health. In the present paper, the aspects of agreements, unilateral practices, concentrations, state aids and unilateral government interventions in the competition field are examined from the perspective of competition rules, regarding the particular situations imposed by Covid-19. This study reveals that competition law allows a great deal of flexibility to ensure economic efficiency in a crisis and provides significant block and ad-hoc exemptions, but it has strengthened its surveillance and governance in particular health markets and public essentials and commodities. Confronting unnecessary collaboration of competitors, especially exchange of commercially sensitive information, excessive pricing in pharmaceuticals and health products, prohibition of misleading statements about drugs or Covid-19 treatment methods, facilitating mergers between R&D undertakings or centers in health sector, regulating state aid to enterprises affected by the Covid-19 crisis and the regulation of unilateral and direct government interventions in competition is one of the important calls of competition law in the during particular period of time. Although it must be admitted that competition law is not ready for facing up to all aspects of the Covid-19 crisis and balancing between protection of its fundamental values on one hand and safeguarding economic activities and assuring public health in the other hand. In Iranian law, this difficulty is more evident because our existing competition law has no solution to the problem and, accordingly, the current rules needs revision. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Competition law, Economic crisis, Covid-19 disease, Excessive pricing | ||
| مراجع | ||
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