ابعاد و چالشهای حقوق بشری مقابله با کووید 19 | ||
| فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی | ||
| دوره 25، ویژه نامه حقوق و کرونا شماره 2، خرداد 1401، صفحه 53-91 اصل مقاله (441.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/jlr.2022.226840.2178 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| باقر انصاری* | ||
| دانشگاه بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقابله با شیوع کووید 19، مستلزم اتخاذ تدابیر و تصمیماتی است که در عین حمایت از سلامت فردی و عمومی ممکن است با تحدید حقوق بشر ملازمه پیدا کند. دولت‌های زیادی برای مقابله با این بیماری وضعیت اضطراری اعلام کرده‌اند یا بدون اعلام رسمی چنین وضعیتی، عملاً چنین وضعیتی را حاکم ساخته و به تحدید حقوق و آزادی‌های عمومی پرداخته‌اند. در این میان، نظام بینالمللی حقوق بشر که دغدغۀ حمایت از حقوق افراد را حتی در وضعیت‌های اضطراری دارد، دولت‌ها را ملزم به رعایت اصول و قواعدی می‌کند که بتوانند میان حفاظت از سلامت‌عمومی و رعایت تعهدات حقوق بشری خود تعادل معقولی را برقرار کرده، هر دو هدف را تأمین کنند. بر این اساس، پرسش مطرح در این مقاله آن است که دولت‌ها در فرایند مقابله با کووید 19 با چه مسائل و چالشهای حقوق بشری مواجه‌اند و چه راهکارهایی برای حل و رفع آنها وجود دارد؟ با مراجعه به موازین بینالمللی حقوق بشر و انطباق اقدامات دولت‌ها و شواهد موجود با آنها می‌توان گفت که چالش عمده آن است که بیشتر دولت‌ها سیاست انتخاب «این یا آن» را دنبال کرده و عمدتاً حفاظت از سلامت عمومی را بر رعایت حقوق بشر برتری داده‌اند؛ در حالی‌که، از منظر حقوق بشری باید سیاست «هم این و هم آن» را دنبال می‌کردند. نظام بینالمللی حقوق بشر با زبان حق – محور خود چارچوب خاصی را برای مبارزه با کووید 19 تجویز می‌کند. در این چارچوب، سیاست «مقابله با کرونا به هر بها» جای خود را به سیاست «مقابله با کرونا با رعایت | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سلامتی؛ کووید 19 (کرونا)؛ حقوق بشر؛ آزادی بیان و اطلاعات؛ منع تبعیض | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Human Rights Dimensions and Challenges of Covid 19 | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| bagher ansari | ||
| دانشگاه بهشتی | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Dealing with the outbreak of Covid-19 requires measures and decisions that, while protecting individual and public health, may involve restrictions on human rights. Many governments have declared a state of emergency to combat the disease or, without formally declaring such a situation, have factually imposed such a situation and restricted individual rights and freedoms. In the meantime, the international human rights system, which protects individual’s rights, even in the emergencies, requires governments to adhere to principles and rules that can strike a reasonable balance between protecting public health and meeting their human rights obligations. Accordingly, the question in this article is that what human rights issues and challenges do the governments face in the process of dealing with Covid-19 and what the solutions are to address them. Referring to international human rights standards and by reference to the actions of governments, it can be said that the main challenge is that most governments have pursued a policy of "this or that" and mainly prioritize the protection of public health over human rights; Whereas, from a human rights perspective, they should have pursued a policy of "both this and that."The international human rights system, in its right-based language, prescribes a specific framework for combating Covid-19. In this context, the policy of "countering the Covid 19 at all costs" gives way to the policy of "countering the Covid-19 with respect to fundamental values." Human rights norms prevent the formation of discriminatory, instrumental, expedient and hierarchical views in the process of combating the disease. It obliges governments to mobilize all their national resources to combat this virus, to make resort to international resources, and to enforce any restrictions on human rights in accordance with the principles of legality, necessity and proportionality. Accordingly, although all human rights are affected by the policies and responses associated with Covid-19, it seems, some rights, such as freedom of expression and non-discrimination, play a key role in the normality and effectiveness of these policies and responses and hence, should not be restricted unless strictly necessary (human rights governing measures against Covid-19) and some human rights, such as privacy and freedom of movement, must inevitably be restricted (human rights affected by Covid- 19). To this end, in this article, first the various dimensions of the right to health in the international human rights system and the principles of limitation of human rights for ensuring public health are explained and then, the corresponding challenges related to the impact of human rights in responses to Covid-19 are analyzed respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| public Health, Covid 19, Human Rights, Freedom of Expression and Information, Non-Discrimination | ||
| مراجع | ||
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