Estimates of Equivalence scale for Iranian Households | ||
| International Journal of New Political Economy | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 3، شماره 2، 2022، صفحه 181-195 اصل مقاله (238.92 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.52547/jep.3.2.181 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Abolfazl Rahimi* | ||
| University of Shahid Beheshti, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Despite its vast natural resources of oil, gas and minerals (mining), dealing with the problem of poverty and inequality is a serious challenge for policy makers. This challenge becomes increasingly acute as the authorities succumb, inevitably, to pressures to liberalise the economy by implementing free market principles and similar reforms. The welfare system in the Islamic Republic of Iran is quite complex with various governmental, non-governmental and para-governmental welfare organizations operating side by side. The Subsidy Targetization Act was the biggest of its kind in the history of the Islamic Republic, and that it is bound to affect the well-being of a large proportion of the population, it is rather surprising that it was introduced in such haste and without thorough planning. An equivalence scale is a measure of the cost of living of a household of a given size and demographic composition relative to the cost of living of a reference household when both households attain the same level of utility or standard of living (Lewbel and Pendakur, 2006). The method of calculating the equivalence scale is based on the Engel curve which can be argued to be a specific, restricted, representation of the Marshallian demand curve where prices are held constant and demand varies with income. We have argued, as an example of application of this approach, that this approach provides a more efficient and equitable way of compensating the consumers for the impact of the removal of price subsidies. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| household equivalence scale؛ Welfare؛ Behavioral Economics | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Barten, A.P. (1964). Family Composition, Prices, and Expenditure Patterns, in Econometric Analysis for National Economic Planning, 16th Symposium of the Colston Society,ed. by P. Hart, L. Mills, and J. K. Whitaker, London: Butterworth.
Blackorby, C. and Donaldson, D. (1993). Adult-equivalence scales and the economic implementation of interpersonal comparisons of well-being”, Social Choice and Welfare 10: 335-361.
Central Bank of Iran. Economic Time Series Database, available at http://www.cbi.ir/page/4275.aspx.
Deaton, A. (1997). The analysis of household surveys: a microeconometric approach to development policy, Published for the World Bank, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
[1] Deaton, A and Muellbauer, J. (1982). Economics and Consumer Behaviour, Cambridge University Press.
Deaton, A and Muellbauer, J. (1986). On measuring child cost: with application to poor countries, Journal of Political Economy, 94 (4): 720-744.
Donaldson, D. and Pendakur, K. (2004). Equivalent-Expenditure Functions and ExpenditureDependent Equivalence Scales, Journal of Public Economics, 88: 175-208.
Hakimian, H. (2008). Institutional Change, Policy Challenges, and Macroeconomic Performance: Case Study of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–2004), The Commission on Growth and Development, Working paper No. 26.
Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (2009). Annual Statistical Report, available at http://www.emdad.ir/gozareshat/amar.asp.
Jorgenson, D. W. and Slesnick, D. T. (1987). Aggregate Consumer Behavior and Household Equivalence Scales, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 5: 219-232.
Lewbel, A and Pendakur, K. (2006). Equivalence scales, Entry for The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edition.
Lewbel, A. (1989). Household Equivalence Scales and Welfare Comparisons, Journal of Public Economics, 39: 377-391.
Liu, K and Chern, W. (2001). Food demand in urban China and its implications for agricultural trade, WCC-101 Proceedings of Agricultural Trade with China in the New Economic and Policy Environment, Apr. 8-10 2001, Western Coordinating Committee, Sonoma, CA, 85-107
Pendakur, K. (1999), “Estimates and Tests of Base-Independent Equivalence Scales”, Journal of Econometrics 88:1-40.
Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 549-557, available at http://www.spac.ir/ Portal/File/ShowFile.aspx?ID=90fa4381-ca1c-4d41-885a-8e889d572e3d.
Prais, S.J. and Houthakker, H.S. (1955). The Analysis of Family Budgets, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Seneca J. J. and Taussig M. K. (1971). Family Equivalence Scales and the Personal Income Tax Exemptions for Children, Review of Economics and Statistics, 53, 253-262.
Social Security Organization (2005). Statistical information, The Summary of Social Security Performance, available at http://www2.tamin.org.ir/web/sso-en/gi/gs.
Watts, H. (1967). The Isoprop Index: An Approach to the Determination of Differential Poverty Thresholds, Journal of Human Resources, 2: 3-18.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 169 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 263 |
||