Investigation of Microplastic Pollution in Sargassum sp. Macroalgae on Rocky Shores of Bushehr Province | ||
| Plant, Algae, and Environment | ||
| دوره 6، شماره 2، 2022، صفحه 895-913 اصل مقاله (760.04 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/jpr.2022.103482 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Hasti Khosravi1؛ Faedeh Amini* 1؛ Nasrin Sakhaei1؛ Bita Archangi1؛ Sara Gholamipour2 | ||
| 1Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran | ||
| 2Persian Gulf Oceanographic Station (Bushehr), Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Bushehr, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Nowadays, the increase in microplastic pollution has become a global problem. The food chain can be polluted by the presence of microplastics in macroalgae. To measure the presence and amount of microplastics in macroalgae and water, sampling was performed from the rocky shores of Bushehr province during the winter season of 2021 and summer season of 2022 from four stations of Jofreh, Rishehr, Bojikdan, and Halileh. The result indicates the presence of microplastics in the macroalgae and the water, which were separated using a stereomicroscope. The microplastics were analyzed by FTIR-ATR device to determine the type of microplastic. The dominant species of the sampling stations were macroalgae Sargassum sp. Although, according to the results, the microplastic pollution in macroalgae samples was higher in the summer than in winter, the microplastic pollution in the water was more in the winter season. The average abundance of microplastics was calculated as 173±96.96 and 116.75±63.36 microplastics/kg in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Jofreh and Halileh stations, with a mean frequency of 225±50.48 and 23±5.69 microplastics/kg, were the most polluted and clean stations, respectively. The sphere form of the microplastic fragments was more frequent after the fiber type. The results of the FTIR-ATR analysis showed that the microplastic polymers in Sargassum sp. and water were polyamide (nylon)˃ polystyrene˃ polyvinyl chloride, respectively. Since the main activities that pollute the beaches of Bushehr province are fishing, shipping, tourism, etc., and they are more in the summer. So it can be seen as evidence for the results of this study. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Microplastic؛ Marine Pollution؛ Macroalgae؛ Bushehr Province؛ Sargassum sp | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aliabad MK, Nassiri M, Kor K. (2019). Microplastics in the surface seawaters of Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman (Makran coasts). Marine Pollution Bulletin. 143: 125-133. Doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.037.
Amaral-Zettler LA, Dragone NB, Schell J, Slikas B, Murphy LG, Morrall CE, Zettler ER. (2017). Comparative mitochondrial and chloroplast genomics of a genetically distinct form of Sargassum contributing to recent “Golden Tides” in the Western Atlantic. Ecology and Evolution. 7 (2): 516-525. Doi: 10.1002/ece3.2630.
Amini F, Riahi H, Zolgharnain H. (2013). Metal concentrations in Padina species and associated sediment from Nayband Bay and Bostaneh Port, the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of Persian Gulf. 4 (11): 17-24.
Andrady AL. (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine pollution bulletin. 62 (8): 1596-1605. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030.
Anjana K, Hinduja M, Sujitha K, Dharani G. (2020). Review on plastic wastes in the marine environment–biodegradation and biotechnological solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 150: 110733. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110733.
Bast F. (2014). Sequence similarity search, multiple sequence alignment, model selection, distance matrix, and phylogeny reconstruction. Nature Protocol Exchange. 1: 1-5. Doi: 10.1038/protex.2013.065.
Baldock RN. (2009). Pictured key to the southern Australian species of Sargassum algae revealed. Australian State Herbarium, Australia, 140 P.
Barnes DK, Walters A, Gonçalves L. (2010). Macroplastics at sea around Antarctica. Marine Environmental Research. 70 (2): 250-252. Doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.05.006.
Bartczak Z, Argon A, Cohen R, Weinberg M. (1999). Toughness mechanism in semi-crystalline polymer blends: I. High-density polyethylene toughened with rubbers. Polymer. 40 (9): 2331-2346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00444-3.
Browne MA, Galloway T, Thompson R. (2007). Microplastic--an emerging contaminant of potential concern? Integrated environmental assessment and Management. 3 (4): 559-561. Doi: 10.1002/ieam.5630030412.
Browne MA, Galloway TS, Thompson RC. (2010). Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines. Environmental Science and Technology. 44 (9): 3404-3409. https://doi.org/10.1021/es903784e.
Chen M, Jin M, Tao P, Wang Z, Xie W, Yu X, Wang K. (2018). Assessment of microplastics derived from mariculture in Xiangshan Bay, China. Environmental pollution. 242: 1146-1156. htttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.133.
Chen P, Kim HS, Jin HJ. (2009). Preparation, properties and application of polyamide/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Macromolecular research. 17 (4): 207-217. Doi: 10.1007/BF03218681.
Cho K, Li F, Choi J. (1999). Crystallization and melting behavior of polypropylene and maleated polypropylene blends. Polymer. 40 (7): 1719-1729.
Claessens M, De Meester S, Van Landuyt L, De Clerck K, Janssen CR. (2011). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast. Marine pollution bulletin. 62 (10): 2199-2204. Doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.030.
Clough RL and Shalaby SW. (1991). Radiation effects on polymers. RL. Clough and SW. Shalaby (eds), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 633 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030406.
Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway TS. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 62 (12): 2588-2597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025.
Connes P. (1977). Infrared planetary spectroscopy. Infrared Physics. 17 (6): 549.
Deopura B, Alagirusamy R, Joshi M, Gupta B. (2008). Polyesters and polyamides: Elsevier. Woodhead Publishing Limited.
Derraik JG. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 44 (9): 842-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5.
Desforges JPW, Galbraith M, Dangerfield N, Ross PS. (2014). Widespread distribution of microplastics in subsurface seawater in the NE Pacific Ocean. Marine pollution bulletin. 79 (1-2): 94-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.035.
Doyle MJ, Watson W, Bowlin NM, Sheavly SB. (2011). Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific ocean. Marine environmental research. 71 (1): 41-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.10.001.
Duis K and Coors A. (2016). Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: sources (with a specific focus on personal care products), fate and effects. Environmental Sciences Europe. 28 (1): 1-25. Doi: 10.1186/s12302-015-0069-y.
Eaisanezhad Z, Amini F, Sakhii N, Ghanemi K, Shadi A. (2020). Padina pavonica algae as a Heavy metals bio-indicator in Intertidal sediments of Bushehr Coasts, Persian Gulf. Journal of Oceanography. 11: (41): 127-137. Doi: 10.52547/joc.11.41.127.
Esmaeili Z and Naji A. (2018). Comparisons of abundance, type, and shape of microplastics in the upper and lower tidal area of Bandar Abbas coast, Persian Gulf. Scientific Research Journal of Oceanology. 8 (32): 53-61. Doi: 10.29252/joc.8.32.53.
Everhart DS and Reilley CN. (1981). Chemical derivatization in electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis of surface functional groups introduced on low-density polyethylene film. analytical chemistry. 53 (4): 665-676. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00227a022.
Feng Z, Zhang T. Shi H, Gao K, Huang W, Xu J, Wang J, Wang R, Li J, Gao G. (2020). Microplastics in bloom-forming macroalgae: Distribution, characteristics, and impacts. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 39 (5): 122752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122752.
Feng Z, Zhang T, Wang J, Huang W, Wang R, Xu J, Fu J, Gao G. (2020). Spatio-temporal features of microplastics pollution in macroalgae growing in an important mariculture area, China. Science of the Total Environment. 719: 137490. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137490.
Fetters L, Lohse D, Richter D, Witten T, Zirkel A. (1994). The connection between polymer molecular weight, density, chain dimensions, and melt viscoelastic properties. Macromolecules. 27 (17): 4639-4647. DOI: 10.1021/ma00095a001.
Galgani F, Fleet D, Van Franeker J, Katsanevakis S, Maes T, Mouat J, Oosterbaan I, Poitou G. Hanke R, Thompson E, Amato A, Birkun A, Janssen. C. (2010). Marine Strategy Framework directive-Task Group 10 Report marine. DOI: 10.2788/86941.
Hawes NA, Taylor DI, Schiel DR. (2017). Transport of drifting fucoid algae: nearshore transport and potential for long-distance dispersal. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 490: 34-41. Doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.02.001.
Hossein Khezri P. (2018). Pollution of microplastics in the marine environment. The 4th National Shrimp Conference of Iran, Bushehr.
Irani Nasab S, Archangi B, Amini, F, Sakhaei N. (2017). Morphological investigation and molecular identification of species (Sargassum vulgare and Sargassum fallax Fucales, Sargassaceae) from the shores of Bushehr nuclear power plant, Persian Gulf. Scientific-Research Journal of Oceanology. 8 (31): 19-26. Doi: 10.29252/joc.8.31.19.
Ishihara N, Seimiya T, Kuramoto M, Uoi M. (1986). Crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene. Macromolecules. 19 (9): 2464-2465.
Jambeck JR, Geyer R, Wilcox C, Siegler TR, Perryman M, Andrady A, Narayan R, Law KL. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science. 347 (6223): 768-771. DOI: 10.1126/science.1260352.
Jiang H and Kamdem DP. (2004). Development of poly (vinyl chloride)/wood composites. A literature review. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology. 10 (2): 59-69. Doi:10.1002./vnl.20009.
Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Wang X, Yang F, Chen M, Wang J. (2020). Characterization of microplastics in the surface seawater of the South Yellow Sea as affected by season. Science of the Total Environment. 724: 138375. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138375.
Jung KA, Lim, SR, Kim, Y, Park JM. (2013). Potentials of macroalgae as feedstocks for biorefinery. Bioresource Technology. 135: 182-190. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.025.
Kaposi KL, Mos B, Kelaher BP, Dworjanyn SA. (2014). Ingestion of microplastic has a limited impact on a marine larva. Environmental Science and Technology. 48 (3): 1638-1645. Doi: 10.1021/es404295e.
Kemper MS and Luchetta LM. (2003). A guide to raw material analysis using near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 11 (3): 155-174. Doi: 10.1255/jnirs.363.
Kooi M, Nes EHV, Scheffer M, Koelmans AA. (2017). Ups and downs in the ocean: effects of biofouling on the vertical transport of microplastics. Environmental Science and Technology. 51 (14): 7963-7971. Doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04702.
KuilaT., Bose S, Hong CE, Uddin ME, Khanra P, Kim NH, Lee JH. (2011). Preparation of functionalized graphene/linear low-density polyethylene composites by a solution mixing method. Carbon. 49 (3): 1033-1037. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.031.
Lewis B, Kennedy EV, Diaz-Pulido G. (2017). Seasonal growth and calcification of a reef-building crustose coralline alga on the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 568: 73-86. Doi:10.3354/meps12074.
Li, R, Zhang L, Xue B, Wang Y. (2019). Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the mangrove sediment of the semi-enclosed Maowei Sea of the South China sea: New implications for location, rhizosphere, and sediment compositions. Environmental Pollution. 244: 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.089.
Lopez Lozano R, Mouat J. (2009). Marine litter in the Northeast Atlantic Region: assessment and priorities for response. KIMO International Regional Consultants. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/2431.
Malea P and Haritonidis S. (2000). Use of the green alga Ulva rigida C. Agardh as an indicator species to reassess metal pollution in the Thermaikos Gulf, Greece, after 13 years. Journal of Applied Phycology. 12 (2): 169-176. Doi: 10.1023/A1008136320459.
Marsh K and Bugusu B. (2007). Food packaging—roles, materials, and environmental issues. Journal of Food Science. 72 (3): R39-R55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.003301.x
Mishra B. (2016). A Study on Use of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as Construction Material. International Journal of Science and Research. 5 (1): 724-730.
Naji A, Esmaili Z, Mason SA, Dick Vethaak A. (2017). The occurrence of microplastic contamination in littoral sediments of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24 (25): 20459-20468. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9587-z.
Nolley E, Barlow J, Paul D. (1980). Mechanical properties of polypropylene low-density polyethylene blends. Polymer Engineering and Science. 20 (5): 364-369.
Prata JC, da Costa, JP, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. (2019). Methods for sampling and detection of microplastics in water and sediment: a critical review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 110: 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.029.
Rouessac F and Rouessac A. (2022). Chemical analysis: modern instrumentation methods and techniques: John Wiley & Sons. 3rd Edition.
Ryan PG, Moore CJ, Van Franeker JA, Moloney CL. (2009). Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1999-2012. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0207.
Saeb Mehr H, Nejat Khah Manavi P, Shahidi S. (2015). The Investigation of Biomass of Macroalgas in Bushehr Port (Intertidal zone). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 17 (4): 75-92.
Shams M, Afsharzadeh S, Balali G, Valinassab T, De Clerck O. (2013). New records of Sargassum species(Sargassaceae, Phaeophyta) from the Persian Gulf and OmanSea in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany. 19: 250-258. Doi: 10.22092/ijb.2013.4162.
Steiner G and Zimmerer C. (2013). Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts–Definitions and Physical Properties I Springer. pp. 772-779. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-32072-9.
Thompson RC, Moore, CJ, Vom Saal FS, Swan SH. (2009). Plastics, the environment, and human health: current consensus and future trends. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 2153-2166. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0053.
Titow WV. (2012). PVC plastics: properties, processing, and applications: Springer Science & Business Media.
Vianello A, Boldrin A, Guerriero P, Moschino V, Rella R, Sturaro A, Da Ros L. (2013). Microplastic particles in sediments of Lagoon of Venice, Italy: First observations on occurrence, spatial patterns, and identification. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science. 130: 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.03.022.
Vinci M and LaMantia F. (1996). Properties of filled recycled polypropylene. Journal of polymer engineering. 16 (3): 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1515/POLYENG.1996.16.3.203.
Wegelin M, Canonica S, Alder C, Marazuela D, Suter MF, Bucheli TD, Haefliger OP, R Zenobi, Mcguigan K, Kelly MT, Ibrahim P, Larroque M. (2001). Does sunlight change the material and content of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles? Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA. 50 (3): 125-135.
Wu Y, Guo P, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xie S, Deng J. (2019). Effect of microplastic exposure on the psummerosynthesis system of freshwater algae. Journal of hazardous materials. 374: 219-227. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.039.
Yang L, Chen J, Li H. (2009). Effects of chlorinated polypropylene on the hydrogen-bond and electric property of polypropylene/chlorinated polypropylene/polyaniline composites: FTIR analysis. Polymer Engineering and Science. 49 (3): 462-470. Doi: 10.1002/pen.21307.
Zhang C, Chen X, Wang J, Tan L. (2017). Toxic effects of microplastic on marine microalgae Skeletonema costatum: interactions between microplastic and algae. Environmental Pollution. 220, 1282-1288. Doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.005.
Zhu X, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhao T, Tan L, Wang J. (2020). Growth inhibition of the microalgae Skeletonema costatum under copper nanoparticles with microplastic exposure. Marine Environmental Research. 158: 105005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105005.
Zitko V and Hanlon M. (1991). Another source of pollution by plastics: skin cleaners with plastic scrubbers. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 22 (1): 41-42. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 436 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 263 |
||