سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

موسوی, نفیسه سادات, صداقتی, ابراهیم, خدایگان, پژمان, حاتمی, نرگس. (1402). مطالعه تنوع و کلونیزاسیون قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار منطقه حفاظت‌شده کلاه‌قاضی، استان اصفهان. , 21(3), 31-48. doi: 10.48308/envs.2023.1182
نفیسه سادات موسوی; ابراهیم صداقتی; پژمان خدایگان; نرگس حاتمی. "مطالعه تنوع و کلونیزاسیون قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار منطقه حفاظت‌شده کلاه‌قاضی، استان اصفهان". , 21, 3, 1402, 31-48. doi: 10.48308/envs.2023.1182
موسوی, نفیسه سادات, صداقتی, ابراهیم, خدایگان, پژمان, حاتمی, نرگس. (1402). 'مطالعه تنوع و کلونیزاسیون قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار منطقه حفاظت‌شده کلاه‌قاضی، استان اصفهان', , 21(3), pp. 31-48. doi: 10.48308/envs.2023.1182
موسوی, نفیسه سادات, صداقتی, ابراهیم, خدایگان, پژمان, حاتمی, نرگس. مطالعه تنوع و کلونیزاسیون قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار منطقه حفاظت‌شده کلاه‌قاضی، استان اصفهان. , 1402; 21(3): 31-48. doi: 10.48308/envs.2023.1182

مطالعه تنوع و کلونیزاسیون قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار منطقه حفاظت‌شده کلاه‌قاضی، استان اصفهان

فصلنامه علوم محیطی
مقاله 2، دوره 21، شماره 3، 1402، صفحه 31-48    اصل مقاله (502.78 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/envs.2023.1182
نویسندگان
نفیسه سادات موسوی1؛ ابراهیم صداقتی* 1؛ پژمان خدایگان1؛ نرگس حاتمی2
1گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران
2موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار یکی از مهم­ترین ریز جانداران مفید خاکزی هستند که قادر به برقراری رابطه هم­زیستی همیاری با ریشه بیش از 80 درصد گونه‌های گیاهی آوندی می‌باشند. این قارچ‌ها سبب بهبود جذب مواد معدنی (به‌ویژه فسفر) و آب شده و تحمل گیاه میزبان در برابر تنش‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی مختلف مانند عوامل بیماری­زا، شوری، خشکی و آلودگی فلزات سنگین را افزایش می‌دهند. از این رو، نقش مهمی در استقرار و تشکیل جوامع گیاهی در بوم‌نظام‌های مختلف دارند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی گونه‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار همزیست با ریشه گیاهان مختلف براساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی، مقایسه جمعیت اسپوری و تعیین درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه در پناهگاه حیات‌وحش کلاه‌قاضی استان اصفهان انجام گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا گونه‌های گیاهی غالب میزبان قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار شناسایی و از بین آن‌ها، 12 گیاه انتخاب شد. نمونه‌برداری از عمق 5 تا 30 سانتی‌متری ناحیه فرا­ریشه هر گیاه صورت گرفت و نمونه‌های ریشه و خاک جمع‌آوری شدند. رنگ‌آمیزی ریشه‌ها با استفاده از محلول لاکتوگلیسرول بلو انجام و درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی تعیین گردید. اسپورهای میکوریز آربوسکولار از هر نمونه خاک (500-300 گرم) با استفاده از روش‌های سری الک مرطوب و سانتریفیوژ در محلول شکر جداسازی شدند. همچنین، شمارش اسپور در یک گرم خاک با سه تکرار انجام گردید. سپس، اسپورهای جداسازی شده براساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی مانند رنگ، شکل، اندازه، ساختار دیواره، هیف اتصال و غیره شناسایی شدند.
نتایج و بحث: بررسی‌های میکروسکوپی نشان داد تمام ریشه‌های گیاهی نمونه‌برداری شده توسط قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار کلونیزه شده بودند. درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی بین گونه‌های گیاهی از 9 تا 92 درصد متغیر بود و بیشترین و کمترین آن به ترتیب در گیاه آویشن و قدومه مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین تعداد اسپور در فراریشه گیاه آویشن و کم‌ترین آن مربوط به ازمک بود. همچنین، تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان داد که در اکثر گیاهان بین درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی و تعداد اسپور همبستگی مثبت وجود داشت. براساس بررسی‌های ریخت‌شناسی، 12 گونه میکوریز آربوسکولار متعلق به هشت جنس Claroidoglomus (C. etunicatum و C. luteum)، Funneliformis (F. caesaris و F. geosporum)، Glomus (G. ambisporum)، Rhizophagus (Rh. aggregatum وRh. fasciculatus)، Septoglomus (Se. africanum، Se. constrictum و Se. deserticola)، Entrophospora (E. infrequens)، Gigaspora (Gi. gigantea) و Scutellospora (Scutellospora sp.) شناسایی شدند. گونه Se. africanum برای فلور قارچی ایران جدید می‌باشد و سایر گونه‌های شناسایی شده پیش از این از مناطق و محصولات مختلف گزارش شده‌اند.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اهمیت قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار، شناسایی و تکثیر این گروه قارچی برای بهره‌برداری از پتانسیل آن‌ها در برنامه‌های احیای مناطق خشک، به‌خصوص مناطق حفاظت‌شده، ضروری می‌باشد. با این حال، بررسی‌های بیشتر برای شناسایی دقیق‌تر گونه‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار مورد نیاز است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
جمعیت اسپوری؛ شناسایی ریخت‌شناسی؛ میکوریز آربوسکولار؛ همزیستی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Study of the diversity and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Kolah'ghazy protected area, Isfahan Province
نویسندگان [English]
Nafiseh Sadat Moosavi1؛ Ebrahim Sedaghati1؛ Pezhman Khodaygan1؛ Narges Hatami2
1Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
2Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF-phylum Glomeromycota) are one of the most important beneficial soil microorganisms that form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with the roots of more than 80% of terrestrial plant species. These fungi improve the mineral nutrients (especially phosphorus) and water uptake and enhance plant tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses such as pathogens, salinity, drought and heavy metals contamination. Hence, they play a key role in the establishment of plant communities in different ecosystems. The present study aimed to identify AMF species associated with different plants roots based on morphological characteristics, comparison of spore’s population and determine the percentage of root colonization in the Kolah'ghazi protected region in Isfahan Province.
Material and methods: At first, 12 plants were selected from the predominant plants that are AMF hosts. The sampling was conducted from a depth of 5 to 30 cm in the rhizosphere of each plant and the soil and root samples were collected. Roots fragments were stained in lactoglycerol blue and the percentage of root colonization was calculated. AMF spores were extracted from each air-dried soil sample (300-500 g) by wet sieving and centrifugation in sugar solution methods. Also, spore populations were determined in a gram of soil with three replications. Then, the isolated spores were identified based on morphological characteristics such as color, shape, size, wall structure, hyphal attachment, etc.
Results and discussion: Microscopic observations indicated that all the sampled plant roots were colonized by AMF. The percentage of AMF colonization ranged from 9-92% among plants species and the highest and lowest of it were observed in Thymus vulgaris and Alyssum homolocarpum plants, respectively. The highest spore density was in the rhizosphere of the Th. vulgaris and the lowest was related to Lepidium draba. The statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and the number of spores in most plants. Based on morphological criteria, 12 species of AMF belonging to 8 genera Claroidoglomus (C. etunicatum and C. luteum), Funneliformis (F. caesaris and F. geosporum), Glomus (G. ambisporum), Rhizophagus (Rh. aggregatum and Rh. fasciculatus), Septoglomus (Se. africanum, Se. constrictum and Se. deserticola), Entrophospora (E. infrequens), Gigaspora (Gi. gigantea) and Scutellospora (Scutellospora sp.) were identified. Se. africanum is new for mycoflora from Iran and other identified species have previously been reported from different regions and crops.
Conclusion: Due to the importance of AMF, identification and reproduction of these fungi for exploiting their potential in regenerate arid areas, especially protected areas, can be necessary. However, further research is needed to more accurately identify AM species.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Arbuscular mycorrhizal, Morphological identification, Symbiosis, Spore population
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