تحلیل فضایی و استخراج روند جزایر حرارتی شهری کلان شهرهای عمده ایران در فصل تابستان | ||
| فصلنامه علوم محیطی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 21، شماره 4، 1402، صفحه 23-40 اصل مقاله (2.71 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/envs.2023.1163 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمود احمدی* | ||
| گروه آب و هواشناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: اثر محیطهای شهری روی هوا سپهر و لایهمرزی مناطق شهری بیشتر به شکل جزیره حرارتی ظاهر میشود. جزیره حرارتی شهری به دلیل آشفتگی قابلتوجهی از شارهای انرژی، رطوبت و واداشتهای تابشی یک محیط حرارتی مصنوعی را به وجود میآورد که سلامت ساکنان شهری، منابع آب، زیرساختهای شهری، آلایندههای جوی و آسایش اجتماعی را با چالشهایی روبرو کرده است. علاوه بر این، باعث تشدید امواج گرمای و ایجاد تأثیر منفی بر امید به زندگی میشود. هدف از این تحقیق، تحلیل فضایی و استخراج روند جزایر حرارتی شهری کلانشهرهای ایران در فصل تابستان است. مواد و روشها: در این پژوهش ابتدا 5 کلانشهر ایران شامل تهران، مشهد، اصفهان، شیراز و کرج انتخاب شد. سپس از تصاویر ماهواره ای سال های 2003 تا 2018 لندست 7 و 8 برای بازیابی دمای سطح زمین، (LST) و برای تحلیل فضایی از آماره گیتس اورد جی و در نهایت جهت تحلیل روند از روش من کندال استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد میانگین LST در مناطق ساخته شده در محدوده شهر بیشتر از میانگین LST در مناطق غیرشهری اطراف و حتی بعضاً خود شهر است و قویترین (SUHI) در مناطقی همانند سطوح آسفالتی باندهای فرودگاهی، پارکینگ ها و سقف های گالوانیزه رخ می دهد. شدت (SHUI) در تمامی کلانشهرها در مرکز شهر بالاتر از سایر مناطق نیست. نتایج روندیابی با استفاده از روش من کندال نشان داد، دمای سطح زمین در هر پنج کلانشهر ایران غیر از اصفهان روند افزایشی دارد، همچنین در مورد توزیع فضایی دمای سطح در 5 کلانشهر ایران مشخص شد که بین تراکم ساختمان و دمای سطح رابطه معکوس وجود دارد. نتیجه گیری: دمای سطح زمین در تمام کلانشهرهای موردمطالعه روند افزایشی دارد. شیب روند نیز برای کلانشهرهای موردمطالعه بالاتر از یک 1 درجه سلسیوس است که شدت روند در شهر کرج بیشتر از سایر کلانشهرهای موردمطالعه بود. کمینه شیب روند دمای سطح زمین در اصفهان و بیشینه آن در کرج محاسبه گردید. در مطالعات بعدی پیشنهاد می شود شهرهای بیشتری موردمطالعه قرار گیرند تا برنامه ریزی های بهتری برای توسعه دیگر شهرها انجام شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| دمای سطح؛ ماهواره؛ گتیس- ارد جی؛ مک کندال؛ کلان شهر ایران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Spatial analysis and trend extraction of urban heat islands in Iran's major cities in the summer season | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahmoud Ahmadi | ||
| Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: The effect of the urban environment on the atmospheric air and the boundary layer of urban areas appears mostly in the form of a temperature island. The urban heat island creates an artificial thermal environment due to the significant disturbance of energy, heat and radiative forcings, which have faced challenges for urban residents, water resources, urban infrastructure, atmospheric pollutants and social comfort. In addition, it aggravates the heat and has a negative effect on life expectancy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial and process of urban heat islands of Iranian metropolises in the summer season. Material and Methods: In this research,, five big cities of Iran including Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz and Karaj were selected. Then, Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images from 2003 to 2018 were used to recover the land surface temperature (LST) and for spatial analysis we used the Gates-Ord-J statistics. Finally, for trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall method was used. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the average LST in the built-up areas within the city limits is higher than the average LST in the surrounding non-urban areas and even sometimes the city itself, and the strongest (SUHI) has occurred in areas such as the asphalt surfaces of airport runways, parking lots and roofs. The intensity (SHUI) in all metropolitan cities in the city center was not higher than other areas. The results of trend analysis using Kendall's method showed that the surface temperature of the earth is increasing in all the five cities of Iran except for Isfahan. Also, regarding the spatial distribution of the surface temperature in the five cities of Iran, it was found that there is an inverse relationship between the building density and the surface temperature. Conclusion: The surface temperature of the earth was increasing in all studied cities. The slope of the trend was also higher than 1 degree Celsius for the major cities under study, and the intensity of the trend was higher in Karaj city than other major cities under study. The minimum slope of the earth surface temperature trend was calculated in Isfahan and the maximum slope was calculated in Karaj. In the next studies, it is suggested to study more cities in order to make better plans for the development of other cities. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Surface temperature, Satellite, Gettys-Ard J, McKendall, Metropolis of Iran | ||
| مراجع | ||
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