References

Books

Barton, Philip, The Effect of Pre-Contractual Representations, Foley’s List, 2013.

Burrows, A. and Edwin, P. Construction and Rectification, Oxford University Press, 2007.

Elland-Goldsmith, M. The General Principles of English Contract Law and ‎International Operations, International Trade Law and Practice, D.P.C.I‎. 1980. (in French)

Ferraris, J. The Role of Pre-contractual Instruments in the Interpretation by ‎the Judge of the Contract, Paris: Publi Book, 2003. (in French)

Howlett, James, Developments in the Interpretation of Contracts, Paper in KCH Garden Square.

Katouzian, Nasser, General Rules of Contracts, Volume 1, Tehran: Sahami Publishing Company, 2009. (in Persian)

McKendrick, E. “Interpretation of Contracts”, In: Worthington, S. (ed.), Commercial law and commercial practice, Hart Publishing, 2003.

Mousseron, P. Raynard, J. and Seube J. B. Contractual Technique, Francis Lefebvre, 1988. (in French)

Poullet, Y. Computer Contract Law, Larcier, 1983. (in French)

Rasekh, Mohammad, Dictionary of Legal Theory, Tehran: Ney Publishing, 2010. (in Persian)

Rawach, E. The Scope of Clauses Tending to Exclude the Role of ‎Pre-Contractual Documents in the Interpretation of the Contract, D. Chr, 2001.  (in French)

Sifris, Michael. The Impact of Pre-Contractual Conduct on Contractual Interpretation, 2014.

Articles

Bonnell, M. J. “The UNIDROIT Principles and CISG – Sources of Inspiration for English Courts?”, Pace International Law Review, Volume 19, Issue 1, 2007.

Hague Academy of International Law, “Private International Law”, Summer Courses 2017.

Kenneth, M. “Contractual Construction: Surrounding Circumstances and the Ambiguity Gateway”, Australian Bar Review, Volume 37, Issue 2, 2013.

Klass, G. “Interpretation and Construction in Contract Law”, Georgetown University Law Centre, 2018.

McLauchlan, D. “Contract Interpretation: What Is It About?”, Sydney Law Review, Volume 31, Issue 5, 2009.

McMeel, G. P. “Prior Negotiations and Subsequent Conduct: The Next Step Forward for Contractual Interpretation”, Law Quarterly Review, Volume 119, 2003.

Nicholls, D. “My Kingdom for a Horse: The Meaning of Words”, Law Quarterly Review, Volume 121, Issue 577, 2005.

Posner, E. A. “The Parol Evidence Rule, the Plain Meaning Rule and the Principles of Contractual Interpretation”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Volume 146, 1998.

Scottish Law Commission, “Review of Contract Law Discussion Paper on Interpretation of Contract”, Discussion Paper, Number 147, 2011.

Spigelman, J. “Contractual Interpretation: A Comparative Perspective”, Australian Law Journal, Volume 85, 2011.

Spigelman, J. J. “Extrinsic Material and the Interpretation of Commercial Contracts”, Insurance Law Journal, 2011.

Staughton, Ch. “How do the Courts Interpret Commercial Contracts?”, Cambridge Law Journal, Volume 58, Issue 2, 1999.

Taylor, A. “A Comparative Analysis of US and English Contract Law: Interpretation and Implied Terms”, International In-house Counsel Journal, Volume 9, Issue 33, 2015.

Thesis

Nazarian, Vahid, “Analysis of the Condition of Totality and Completeness of the Contract with a Look at International Documents”, Master’s Thesis, University of Tehran, 2015. (in Persian)

Sepehri, Fatemeh, “The Nature and Legal Effects of Pre-Contract Negotiations”, Master’s Thesis, Qom University, 2008. (in Persian)

International Instruments and Their Commentaries

DCFR: Draft Common Frame of Reference: Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law (Full Edition: Christian von Bar, Eric Clive (eds), 6 vols, 2009; Outline Edition: Christian von Bar, Eric Clive and Hans Schulte-Nölke (eds), 2009).

Model Clauses for the Use of the UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts (UPICC).

PECL: Principles of European Contract Law (Parts I and II): Ole Lando & Hugh Beale (eds), 2000; Part III: Ole Lando, Eric Clive, André Prüm and Reinhard Zimmermann (eds), 2003.

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Digest of Case Law on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 2016 Edition, UNITED NATIONS New York, 2016.

Cases (Domestic and International)

Appellate Court Helsinki, Finland, 31 May 2004, English translation available on the Internet at www.cisg.law.pace.edu; CLOUT case No. 877 [Bundesgericht, Switzerland, 22 December 2000].

Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd, UKHL 38; [2009] 1 AC 101.

CLOUT case No. 24 [U.S. Court of Appeals (5th Circuit), United States, 15 June 1993].

CLOUT case No. 303 [Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce, 1994 (Arbitral award no. 7331)]

CLOUT case No. 932 [Obergericht des Kantons Thurgau, Switzerland, 12 December 2006].

Codelfa Constructions Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority (1981) 149 CLR 337.

Court of Appeal, United Kingdom, 17 February 2006, Unilex; Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce, France, 2003.(Arbitral award in case No. 11849), available at: www.cisg.law.pace.edu/

Decree No. 32-26/10/93 issued by Branch 185 of Tehran General Court of Law. (in Persian)

Final judgment No. 9309970221000427 dated 04/09/2013 Branch 10 of the Court of Appeal of Tehran Province. (in Persian)

Final judgment No. 9309970222700984, dated 07/29/2013, Branch 27 of the Court of Appeal of Tehran Province. (in Persian)

Flaux J in Excelsior Group Productions Limited v Yorkshire Television Ltd, 2009] EWHC 1751 (Comm).

Handelsgericht Aargau, Switzerland, 26 November 2008, English Translation Available on the Internet at www.cisg.law.pace.edu/

Investors Compensation Scheme (ICD) v West Bromwich Building Society, No. 1 WLR 896.

Karen Oltmann v Scarsdale Shipping Co Ltd (The Karen Oltmann) [1976] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 708. QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION (COMMERCIAL COURT).

Landmark Ventures, Inc. v. Wave Sys. Corp (No. 11 Civ. 8440, 2012 WL 3822624.

Newmount Mines Ltd. v Hanover Ins.Co. 784 F2d 127, 135.

Oceanbulk Shipping and Trading SA v TMT Asia Limited, [2011] 1 AC 662.

Partenreederei M. S. Karen Oltmann v Sausdale Shipping Co Ltd.

Prenn. C. Simmonds 1971 IWLR 1381.

Proforce Recruit Ltd. V the Rugby Group Ltd [2006].

United Rentals Inc v RAM Holdings Inc. C.A. No. 3360-CC (December 12 and 21, 2007)

Vector Gas Ltd. v. Bay of Plenty Energy Ltd.

West Willow-Bay Court, LLC and Robino-Bay Court Plaza, LLC. C.A. No. 2742-VCN 2007.

Yoshimoto v Canterbury Golf International Ltd [2001].