Pollen Morphology of Malvaceae in Iran: A Case Study to Complete Pollen Atlas of Iran | ||
| Plant, Algae, and Environment | ||
| دوره 7، شماره 2، 2023، صفحه 1093-1110 اصل مقاله (1012.1 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/jpr.2023.104476 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mahnaz ArabAmeri1؛ Ahmad Reza Mehrabian* 2؛ Hamed Khodayari1 | ||
| 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The pollen grains of 34 species of eleven genera belonging to three subfamilies (Malvoideae, Grewioideae, Tilioideae) of Malvaceae were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of the studied taxa were radially symmetrical and principally spheroidal, except Grewia makranica Rech.f. & Esfand (prolate), Tilia cordata Miller, and Tilia rubra Dc. (suboblate). Apertures included tricolporate (Tilia cordata and Tilia rubra) to pantaporate (Malvella sherardiana L., Malva verticillate L., Malvalthaea transcaucasica (sosn.) Iljinand Alcea sulphurea (Boiss. & Hohen). Sculpturing was comprised of echinate, microechinate, baculate, granulate, and perforate types. Some qualitative traits in pollen grains are unique to one or a few genera. The observed variations in pollen characteristics are very useful for the delimitation of subfamilies and in some cases are generic specific but these characters are not functional in separating taxa at a specific level or distinguishing suggested species groups in some genera such as Alcea L.. Our results add further support to the current classification of Malvaceae which recognizes the subfamilies Tilioideae, Grewioideae, and Malvoideae but there was no character state in pollen grains to be synapomorphic for Malveae, Hibisceae, and Gossypieae. On the other hand, our results support the separation of Alcea from Althaea. The PCA analysis represents two clades. The first clade contains both subfamilies Grewioideae and Tilioideae. The second clade contains all genera belonging to the subfamily Malvoideae The resulting study emphasizes that some palynological characteristics represent high systematic value, so can be useful for systematic differentiation of Malvaceae. However, palynological evidence along with other characteristics, can be effective in solving the systematic challenges of this family. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Micromorphology؛ Alcea؛ Phylogeny؛ Taxonomy؛ Iran | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmad Juhari, MAA, Talip N, Che Amri CNA, Mohamad Basir NS, Ruzi M, Abdullah Siam AN. (2021). Taxonomic implications of pollen of some species of the genus Pterospermum Schreb. (Malvaceae s.l. subfam. Dombeyoideae). Acta Botanica Brasilica. 35 (4): 495-502. Doi:10.1590/0102-33062020abb0442.
Alefeld FG, (1862). Ueber die Malveen. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift. 12: 246-61.
Alverson WS, Karol KG, Baum DA, Chase MW, Swensen SM, McCourt R, Sytsma KJ (1998). Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: evidence from rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany. 85 (6): 876-87. Doi:10.2307/2446423.
Alverson WS, Whitlock BA, Nyffeler R, Bayer C, Baum DA. (1999). Phylogeny of the Evolutionary dynamics and phylogeny of the family Malvaceae 181 core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data. American Journal of Botany. 86: 1474-1486.
Amiri MJ and Eslamian SS. (2010). Investigation of climate change in Iran. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 3 (4): 208-16. Doi:10.3923/jest.2010.208.216.
Baker WR (1890). Synopsis of genera and species of Malveae. Journal of Botany. 28: 140-145, 207-213, 239-243, 339-343, 367-371.
Barthlott W, Lauer W, Placke A. (1996). Global distribution of species diversity in vascular plants: Towards a world map of phytodiversity (Globale Verteilung der Artenvielfalt Höherer Pflanzen: Vorarbeiten zu einer Weltkarte der Phytodiversität). Erdkunde. 317-27. Doi:10.3112/ERDKUNDE.1996.04.03
Barthlott W, Biedinger N, Braun G, Feig F, Kier G, Mutke J. (1999). Terminological and methodological aspects of the mapping and analysis of global biodiversity. Acta Botanica Fennica. 162 (0): 103-10.ID: 127033275.
Bates DM (1968). Generic relationships in the Malvaceae, tribe Malveae. Gentes Herbarum 10:117-135.
Bates DM, Orland J, Blanchard Jr (1970). Chromosome numbers in the Malvales. II. New or otherwise noteworthy counts relevant to classification in the Malvaceae, tribe Malveae. American Journal of Botany. 57 (8): 927-34. DOI: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1970.tb09892.x
Baum DA, DeWitt Smith S, Yen A, Alverson WS, Nyffeler R, Whitlock BA, Oldham RL. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensu lato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany. 91 (11): 1863-71. Doi 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1863.
Bayer C, Fay MF, Bruijn AY, Savolainen V, Morton CM, Kubitzki K, Alverson WS and Chase MW. (1999). Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a circumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 129 (4): 267-303. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00505.x.
Bayer C and Kubitzki K (2003). Malvaceae. In Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons. Berlin: Springer, Heidelberg; P. 225-311.
Bentham G and Hooker JD. (1862). Genera plantarum. Reeve and Williams and Margate, London, England.
Bibi N, Naveed A, Manzoor H, Ajab KM. (2010). Systematic implications of pollen morphology in the family Malvaceae from North West frontier province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 42: 2205-14. ID: 85850776.
Boissier PE (1867). Flora orientalis, vol. 1. Basel: H. Georg.
Cabi E, Başer B, Uzunhisarcikli ME, Yavru A. (2009). Pollen morphology of Alcea L. and Althaea L. genera (Malvaceae) in Turkey. Feddes Repert. 120 (7‐8): 405-18. Doi:10.1002/FEDR.200911119.
Candolle AP de (1824). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. Paris, Treuttel and Würtz. ID: 83416522.
Carvalho-Sobrinho JG, Alverson WS, Alcantara S, Queiroz LP, Mota AC, Baum DA. (2016). Revisiting the phylogeny of Bombacoideae (Malvaceae): Novel relationships, morphologically cohesive clades, and a new tribal classification based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 101: 56-74. Doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.006.
Christensen PB (1986). Pollen morphological studies in the Malvaceae. Grana. 25: 95-117. Doi:10.1080/00173138609428890.
Culhane KJ and Blackmore S. (1988). The Northwest European Pollen Flora, 41, Malvaceae. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology. 57: 45-74.
Davis PH and Heywood VH (1963). Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. Doi: 10.2307/2257863.
Davis SD, Heywood VH, Hamilton AC (1994). Centers of plant diversity. Natural History. 111 (1). Pp 1-10.
Dewan ML and Famouri J (1964). The soils of Iran. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Roma.
Djamali M, Akhani H, Khoshravesh R, Andrieu-Ponel V, Ponel P, Brewer S (2011). Application of the global bioclimatic classification to Iran: implications for understanding the modern vegetation and biogeography. Ecologia mediterranea. 37 (1): 91-114. Doi: 10.3406/ecmed.2011.1350.
Edlin HL (1935). A critical revision of certain taxonomic groups of the Malvales. Part II. New Phytologist 34: 122-143. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1935.tb06834.x.
El-Husseini N (2006). Pollen morphology of Tiliaceae juss. and Sterculiaceae vent. and their relations to Malvaceae juss. in Egypt. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. Doi: 1560–8530/2006/08–6–844–847.
El Naggar SMI (2004). Pollen morphology of Egypyian Malvaceae: an assessment of taxonomic value. Turkish Journal of Botany. 28: 227-240. ID: 83965254.
Frey W and Probst W (1986) A synopsis of the vegetation of Iran. In: Contributions to the vegetation of Southwest Asia. (ed. Kürschner, H.) 1-43. Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden.
Erdtman G (1952). Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. New York. DOI: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1983.tb07876.x.
Erdtman G (1969). Handbook of palynology. Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
Escobar García P, Schönswetter P, Aguilar JF, Feliner GN, Schneeweiss GM (2009). Five molecular markers reveal extensive morphological homoplasy and reticulate evolution in the Malva alliance (Malvaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 50 (2): 226-39. Doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.015.
Escobar García P, Pakravan M, Schönswetter P, Aguilar JF & Schneeweiss GM (2012). Phylogenetic relationships in the species-rich Irano-Turanian genus Alcea (Malvaceae). Taxon 61 (2): 324-32. Doi: 10.1002/tax.612004
Fischer H. (1890). Beiträge zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Pollenkörner. Kern. ID: 83222762.
Ford CE (1938). A contribution to a cytogenetical survey of the Malvaceae. Genetica 20(5): 431-52. Doi: 10.1007/BF01531777
Fryxell PA (1997). The American genera of Malvaceae-II. Brittonia 49: 204-269.
Gencay Celemli O, Ozenirler C, Ecem Bayram N, Zare G, Sorkun K (2018). Melissopalynological analysis for geographical marking of Kars honey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (1): 53-59. Doi: 10.9775/kvfd.2017.18262.
Hammer O, Harper D, Ryan PD. (2001). Palaeontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica. 4 (1).
Hargreaves AL, Harder LD, Johnson SD. (2009). Consumptive emasculation: the ecological and evolutionary consequences of pollen theft. Biological Reviews. 84 (2): 259-76. Doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00074.x.
Hedge IC and Wendelbo P. (1978). Patterns of distribution and endemism in Iran. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 36 (2): 441-64.
Hesse M, Halbritter H, Zetter R, Weber R, Buchner A, Frosch-Radivo, Ulrich S. (2009). Pollen Terminology: An illustrated handbook. Doi:10.1093/AOB/MCP289.
Hosni H and Araffa S. (1999). Malvaceae in the flora of Egypt. 2. Pollen morphology and its taxonomic significance. Taeckholmia 19: 147-56. Doi: 10.21608/taec.1999.12642.
Hutchinson J (1967). The genera of flowering plants (Angiospermae) Dicotyledones. Vol. II. 659. London: Clarendon Press.
Iljin MM (1949). Malvaceae. Flora of the USSR.15: 21-137.
Judd WS and Manchester SR (1997). Circumscription of Malvaceae (Malvales) as determined by a preliminary cladistic analysis of morphological, anatomical, palynological, and chemical characters. Brittonia. 49 (3): 384-405. Doi: 10.2307/2807839.
Katifori E, Alben S, Cerda E, Nelson DR, Dumais J. (2010). Foldable structures and the natural design of pollen grains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107(17): 7635-9. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.0911223107.
Kier G, Mutke J, Dinerstein E, Ricketts TH, Küper W, Kreft H, Barthlott W. (2005). Global patterns of plant diversity and floristic knowledge. Journal of Biogeography. 32 (7): 1107-16. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01272.x.
Kubitzki K and Chase MW. (2003). Introduction to Malvales, pp. 12– 16. In K. Kubitzki (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 5, Malvales, Capparales and non-betalain Caryophyllales.
Lakshmi KG. (2003). Palynological studies on certain Malvales. Ph.D. Thesis, Mahatma Gandhi University, India. ID: 83205989.
Leonard J. (1991–1992). Contribution a l'etude de la flora et de la vegetation des deserts d'Iran Fascicule 10 Etude des aires de distribution les phytochories les chorotypes Meise: Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Li A. (2003). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG ll. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399-436. Doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
Li Q and Ruan CJ. (2012). Teixeira da Silva JA, Wang XY. Floral morphology and mating system of Alcea rosea (Malvaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution. 145 (2): 176-84. Doi: 10.5091/plecevo.2012.651.
Lindley J. (1830–1840) The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. Ridgway, London DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.120492.
Linnaeus C. (1753) Species Plantarum. A 1957 facsimile of the first edition of 1753 with an introduction by W.T. Stearn and an appendix by J.L. Heller and W.T. Stearn. Ray Society, London.
Magallon S, Crane PR, Herendeen PS. (1999). Phylogenetic pattern, diversity, and diversification of eudicots. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 297-372. Doi: 10.2307/2666180.
Memariani, F and Ghoraishi Alhossein J. (2000). Pollen study of some samples of honey in Khorasan province. Pajohesh va Sazandegi. 49: 76-83.
Nazarian H, Sanei Shariat Panahi M, Tahmasebi, GH. (1997). Determination of identification of plants used by bees in Tehran province. The second conference on honey bee. Iran Animal Science Research Institute.
Nyffeler R, Bayer C, Alverson, WS, Yen A, Whitlock BA, Chase MW, Baum DA. (2005). Phylogenetic analysis of the Malvadendrina clade (Malvaceae s.l.) based on plastid DNA sequences. Organisms Diversity and Evolution. 5: 109–123. Doi:10.1016/j.ode.2004.08.001
Pakravan M. (2001). A biosystematic study of the genus Alcea L. (Malvaceae) in Iran. Dissertation, University of Tehran, Tehran.
Perveen A. (1993). A preliminary study of the pollen flora of Karachi. Doctoral dissertation. University of Karachi. ID: 87276466.
Perveen A, Siddiqui S, Fatima A, Qaiser M. (1994). Pollen flora of Pakistan-1, Malvaceae. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 26: 421-440.
Podani J. (2000). Introduction to the exploration of multivariate data [English translation]. Leide, Netherlands, Backhuyes.
Pogorelov AV. (1988). Bendings of surfaces and stability of shells. American Mathematical Society. Doi:10.1090/mmono/072.
Razaghi kamrodi M, Sanei Shariat panahi M, Nazarian H, Ghelich Nia H. (2006). Identification of pollens in Honeys of Noorrud Watershed of Mazandaran. Pajohesh va Szandegi. 72: 74:83.
Riedl I. (1976). Alcea. 41–80 in: Rechinger KH. Flora Iranica 120. Graz, Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt.
Rivas-Martínez S, Costa M, Sánchez-Mata D. (1999). North American boreal and western temperate forest vegetation. Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Campus Vegazana, Universidad de León.
Rivas-Martinez S, Asensi A, Diez-Garretas B, Molero J, Valle F. (1997). Biogeographical synthesis of Andalusia (southern Spain). Journal of Biogeography. Nov 1: 915-28. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00149.x.
Saad SI. (1960). The sporoderm stratification in the Malvaceae. Pollen et spores. 2: 13-41. ID: 83150555.
Shaheen N, Khan MA, Hayat MQ, Yasmin G. (2009). Pollen morphology of 14 species of Abutilon and Hibiscus of the family Malvaceae (sensu stricto). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research .3 (11): 921-9. ID: 83937175
Shaheen NI, Khan MA, Yasmin G, Hayat MQ, Munsif SH, Ahmad KH. (2010). Foliar epidermal anatomy and pollen morphology of the genera Alcea and Althaea (Malvaceae) from Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 12 (3): 329-34. ID: 86540711
Shoemaker DN. Notes on vicinism in cotton in 1908. Journal of Heredity. 6 (1): 252–254. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/os-6.1.252.
Tahavi M. (2000). Palynological studies of arboreal plants growing in Lahore and their impact on aeropalynology. Ph. D. Thesis, Punjab University Lahore.
Tate JA, Aguilar JF, Wagstaff SJ, La Duke J C, Bodo Slotta TA, Simpson BB. (2005). Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data. American Journal of Botany. 92: 584–602. Doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.584.
Thorp RW. (2000). The collection of pollen by bees. In Pollen and Pollination Springer; Vienna P: 211-223. DOI:10.1007/978-3-7091-6306-1_11.
Tournefort JP. (1700). Institutiones rei herbariae. Paris: Typographia Regia.
Townsend CC. (1980). Alcea. 248–258 in Townsend CC, Guest E, (eds.), Flora of Iraq. (4). Baghdad, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform of the Republic of Iraq.
Westerkamp C. (1996). Flowers and bees are competitors-not partners. Towards a new understanding of complexity in specialized bee flowers. In: VII International Symposium on Pollination. Pp. 71-74. Doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.437.5.
Willdenow CL. (1800). Species plantarum. Berlin: Impensis G.C. Nauk.
Youngman W. (1927). Studies in the cytology of the Hibisceae. Annals of Botany. 41 (164): 755-78.
Zohary M. (1963) a. Taxonomical studies in Alcea of south-western Asia. Part I. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 11D: 210-229.
Zohary M. (1963) b. Taxonomical studies in Alcea of south-western Asia. Part II. Israel Journal of Botany. 12: 1-26.
Zohary M. (1976). A new analytical flora of Israel. Am Oved Publication.
Zohary M. (1973). Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Fischer. 739 pp. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 135 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 244 |
||