تحلیل نقش بازیگران کلیدی (عمومی و خصوصی) در بازآفرینی محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی: محله سراب مشهد) | ||
| فصلنامه علوم محیطی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 22، شماره 3، 1403، صفحه 495-516 اصل مقاله (1.19 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/envs.2024.1367 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهره فنی* ؛ نسیم نیکنامی؛ سجاد سعیدی | ||
| گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین و پیچیدهترین تحولات اجتماعی جهان در نیم قرن اخیر توسعه شهرنشینی است که به تبع آن دگرگونی در ساختار کالبدی و اقتصادی شهرها شده و اهمیت بازآفرینی بافت های فرسوده و ناکارآمد بیش ازپیش موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. بازآفرینی شهری از پتانسیلهای موجود در مناطق فرسـوده و مشارکت گسترده نهادهای عمومی و خصوصی با صرف کمترین بودجه استفاده می کند تا حیات اجتماعی و رونق اقتصادی را به بافت بازگرداند. مواد و روشها: این پژوهش بر حسب هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و روش جمعآوری اطلاعات مبتنی بر منابع کتابخانهای و پرسشنامه میباشد. همچنین جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل متخصصان و نخبگان حوزه برنامهریزی شهری میباشد. جهت شناسایی و تدوین راهبردهای بازآفرینی محلات شهری از مدل SWOT و برای رتبهبندی راهبردهای خروجی آن از مدل QSPM در قالب ارزیابی موقعیت داخلی و خارجی بهره گرفته شد. پس از تحلیل اطلاعات، پرسشنامهی آینده پژوهی تهیه و پس از پاسخگویی متخصصان با استفاده از نرمافزار Mactor برای شناسایی بازیگران کلیدی و نقش آنها در رابطه با راهبردهای مذکور اقدام شد. نتایج و بحث: یافتههای پژوهش شش استراتژی را در حالت تدافعی به ترتیب اولویت نشان داده و در تحلیل رفتار بازیگران کلیدی نسبت به استراتژیهای یاد شده بیانگر نقش شهرداری از جمله برنامهریزی، نهادسازی، تامین مالی و اجرا و سازمانهای شبه دولتی با بیشترین تاثیرگذاری است که از میان آنها، آستان قدس و اوقاف بعنوان کلیدیترین و تاثیرگذارترین بازیگر بر حوزههای مختلف اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی، سیاسی و فضایی - کالبدی بودهاند. در ادامه مسیر میزان اصرار بازیگران (موافقت آنها) با استراتژیهای یاد شده در زمینه بازآفرینی محله نشان میدهد، بیشترین اصرار بازیگران با استراتژیهایی نظیر بهره گیری از موقعیت قرارگیری به لحاظ دسترسی و قیمت ابنیه جهت ایجاد اشتغال های جدید و استفاده از زمین های بایر و اراضی متروکه در جهت پاسخگویی به کمبودهای محله بخصوص فضای سبز میباشد و کمترین آن استفاده از جمعیت تحصیل کرده و جوان و متخصص محله در امور برنامه ریزی و بازآفرینی محله و توجه بیشتر به نفوذ پذیری محله، ازطریق ساماندهی شبکه معابر میباشد. همچنین با توجه به مقدار فاصله بازیگران از یکدیگر که میزان همگرایی آنان را نشان میدهد میتوان اشاره داشت شهرداری، سازمانهای شبه دولتی (آستان قدس، اوقاف و..) و سازمان عمران و بازآفرینی فضاهای شهری از همگرایی قابل توجهی با یکدیگر برخوردارند. نتیجهگیری: با همکاری و ارتباط تنگاتنگ بین شـهرداریها بعنوان محور اصلی اقدامات اجرایی در مدیریت شهری و سازمانهای شبه دولتی از جمله آستان قدس و اوقاف میتوان شاهد تسریع در بازآفرینی بافتهای ناکارآمد و فرسوده بود. ضمنا اصرار بازیگران به موقعیت قرارگیری محله سراب در شهر مشهد به لحاظ دسترسی و قیمت ابنیه جهت ایجاد اشتغال های جدید به اهمیت بعد اقتصادی در اقدامات بازیگران نسبت به امور بازآفرینی را تاکید میکند تا در کنار استفاده از پتانسیلهای موجود به اهداف غایی دست یابند. در این راستا همگرایی شهرداری، سازمانهای شبه دولتی (آستان قدس، اوقاف و..) و سازمان عمران و بازآفرینی فضاهای شهری بیانگر اشتراک نظر نسبی و همپوشانی بیشتر آنان در خصوص آینده متصور برای استراتژیهای مطرح شده در این رابطه میباشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| محله سراب؛ بازآفرینی؛ بازیگران کلیدی؛ مکتور | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of the Role of Key Actors (Public and Private) in the Regeneration of Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study: Sarab Neighborhood of Mashhad) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zohreh Fanni؛ Nasim Niknami؛ Sajad Saeedi | ||
| Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: One of the most significant and complex social transformations in the world over the past half-century has been urbanization, which has led to changes in the physical and economic structure of cities and has increasingly highlighted the importance of revitalizing dilapidated and inefficient urban fabrics. Urban regeneration utilizes the existing potentials in dilapidated areas and the extensive participation of public and private institutions with the least possible budget to restore social life and economic prosperity to the urban fabric. Material and Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The method of data collection is based on library resources and questionnaires. The statistical population of this research includes experts and elites in the field of urban planning. To identify and formulate regeneration strategies for urban neighborhoods, the SWOT model was used. To rank the output strategies of the model, the QSPM model was used in the framework of internal and external position evaluation. After analyzing the information, a futures research questionnaire was prepared and after being answered by the experts, the Mactor software was used to identify the key actors and their roles in relation to the mentioned strategies. Results and Discussion: The research findings showed six strategies in a defensive mode in order of priority. In the analysis of the behavior of key actors towards the mentioned strategies, the role of the municipality, including planning, institution building, financing and implementation, and quasi-governmental organizations with the most impact, of which the Astan Qods and the Oqaf have been the most key and influential actors in the various social, economic, cultural, political and spatial-physical fields. In the following, the level of insistence of the actors (their agreement) with the mentioned strategies in the field of neighborhood regeneration showed that the actors have the most insistence on strategies such as using the location of the neighborhood in terms of access and building prices to create new jobs and use of fallow and abandoned lands to respond to the neighborhood's shortages, especially green spaces. The least of which was the use of an educated, young, and specialized population of the neighborhood in planning and revitalizing the neighborhood and paying more attention to the permeability of the neighborhood through the organization of the street network. Also, according to the distance between the actors, which showed their level of convergence, it can be mentioned that the municipality, quasi-governmental organizations (Astan Qods, Oqaf, etc.) and the Urban Renewal and Development Organization have a significant convergence with each other. Conclusion: With the cooperation and close communication between municipalities as the main axis of executive actions in urban management and quasi-governmental organizations, including the Astan Qods and the Oqaf, it is possible to witness the acceleration of the regeneration of inefficient and dilapidated urban fabrics. In addition, the insistence of the actors on the location of the Sarab neighborhood in Mashhad city in terms of access and building prices to create new jobs emphasizes the importance of the economic aspect in the actions of the actors about regeneration measures to achieve their ultimate goals alongside the use of existing potentials. In this regard, the convergence of the municipality, quasi-governmental organizations (Astan Qods, Oqaf, etc.) and the Urban Renewal and Development Organization indicate a relative consensus and greater overlap between them regarding the envisaged future for the strategies mentioned. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Sarab neighborhood, regeneration, key players, Mactor | ||
| مراجع | ||
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