تحلیل بومشناختی تعاملات و عملکرد بینالمللی دانشگاهها | ||
| مدیریت و برنامه ریزی در نظام های آموزشی | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 32، 1403، صفحه 289-314 اصل مقاله (1.24 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/mpes.2024.235339.1453 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یعقوب انتظاری* 1؛ سیده مریم حسینی لرگانی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه اقتصاد آموزش عالی مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامهریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه نوآوری آموزشی و برنامه درسی مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: در عصر حاضر که به عصر دانش مشهور است، توسعه و رقابتپذیری کشورها و ملتها به تولید، رسانش و بهرهبرداری اثربخش و ثمربخش از دانش و فناوری وابسته است. این فعالیتها تماماً در اکوسیستمی به نام «اکوسیستم توسعه دانایی» شکل میگیرند و گسترش مییابند. دانشگاهها کانون این نوع اکوسیستمها هستند. تعاملات و عملکرد دانشگاهها نقش بسیار تعیینکننده در عملکرد این اکوسیستمها دارند. تعاملات و عملکرد یک دانشگاه در دو سطح ملی و بینالمللی قابل تحلیل و تبیّن است. تاکنون پژوهشگران و سیاستگذاران عمدتاً دسترسی به منابع و امکانات مادی و فیزیکی را در تعیین عملکرد بینالمللی دانشگاهها مورد توجه قرار دادهاند و به نقش زیستبوم دانشگاه بیتوجه بودند. بنابراین، هدف مقاله حاضر تأکید بر زیستپذیری دانشگاه در زیستبوم و تحلیل بومشناختی تعاملات و عملکرد بینالمللی دانشگاهها بوده است. مواد و روشها: برای دستیابی به این هدف از رویکرد توصیفی، روش تحقیق اسنادی، چارچوب مفهومی بومشناسی دانش و تحلیلهای کمی آماری استفاده شده است. دادهها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در رابطه با متغیرهای «عملکرد بینالمللی دانشگاهها» که متغیرهای وابسته هستند، از گزارش رتبهبندی جهانی دانشگاهها «QS» در سال 2024؛ و دادهها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در رابطه متغیرهای مربوط به زیستبوم که متغیرهای مستقل هستند؛ از گزارشهای متنوع رتبهبندی کشورها در حوزه های مختلف زیستبوم (مانند نمایه آزادی اقتصادی، نمایه آزادی انسان، نمایه جهانی دانش و نمایه جهانی رقابتپذیری) بدست آمده است. رابطه بین این متغیرهای وابسته و مستقل با استفاده از تکنیک «مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری تعمیم یافته» تحلیل شده است. بحث و نتیجهگیری: یافتههای مقاله از تحلیلهای یاد شده نشان میدهند که برای دستیابی یک دانشگاه به عملکرد شایسته در عرصه جهانی، صرفاً دسترسی به سرمایهها، منابع و امکانات مادی کافی نیست؛ بلکه دستیابی یک دانشگاه به عملکرد شایسته در این عرصه، مستلزم زیستپذیری در یک زیستبوم شایسته است. یک زیستبوم شایسته حداقل دارای 7 ویژگی اساسی است: 1. اقتصاد آزاد و رقابتی که در کشورهای پیشرفته جاری و ساری است؛ 2. جامعه باز و آزاد که شرط لازم برای آزاداندیشی، آزادی علمی، آزادی بیان و رفتاری مبتنی بر عقلانیت، علم و اخلاق است؛ 3. نظام سیاسی آزاد، با ثبات و پایدار که شرط لازم برای شکلگیری حکمرانی خوب است؛ 4. رژیم نهادی شایسته که مؤلفههای اصلی حکمرانی خوب را در سطح خرد و کلان شکل میدهد؛ 5. وجود فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات پیشرفته که تعاملات ملی و بینالمللی دانشگاهها تسهیل میکند؛ 6. اقتصاد دانش پیشرفته که علاوه بر سرمایههای علمی، فرصت و ظرفیت تعاملات داخلی و بینالمللی دانشگاه را گسترش میدهد؛ و در نهایت 7. تعاملات و عملکرد شایسته در سطح ملی که منابع و امکانات بیشتری برای تعاملات بینالمللی فراهم میکند. پیشنهادات سیاستی: با توجه به این نتایج، به رهبران، سیاستمداران و سیاستگذاران توسعه دانشبنیان بهطور عام، و سیاستگذاران علم، فناوری و نوآوری بهطور خاص در کشورهای در حال توسعه (بخصوص ایران)، پیشنهاد میشود اگر میخواهند دانشگاههای بالنده در عرصه جهانی داشته باشند اقدامات زیر را انجام دهند: 1. اصلاح قوانین و مقررات کشور در راستای آزاد و رقابتیسازی اقتصاد؛ 2. اصلاح قوانین و مقررات کشور در راستای افزایش تعامل و هماهنگی با اقتصاد و جامعه جهانی؛ 3. اصلاح سیاستهای خارجی کشور در راستای ظهور فعال و مؤثر دانشگاهها، سازمانهای مردم نهاد و دولت در مجامع و سازمانهای بینالمللی ذیربط؛ 4. اصلاح قوانین و مقررات کشور در راستای باز و آزادسازی امور اجتماعی و فرهنگی جامعه؛ 5. اصلاح قوانین و مقررات کشور در راستای استقرار اصول حکمرانی خوب در سطوح خرد و کلان؛ 6. توسعه تعاملات جهانی دولت و دانشگاهها براساس اصول حکمرانی خوب؛ 7. افزایش سرمایهگذاری داخلی و خارجی برای گسترش و ارتقاء هرچه بیشتر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات؛ 8. افزایش سرمایهگذاری داخلی و خارجی در تولید، توزیع، رسانش و استفاده دانش جدید؛ و در نهایت 9. افزایش سرمایهگذاری داخلی و خارجی در سرمایههای علمی و فناوریهای مورد استفاده در دانشگاههای کشور. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| عملکرد دانشگاه؛ اکوسیستم دانش عملکرد دانشگاه؛ رتبهبندی دانشگاهها؛ بومشناسی دانش؛ اکوسیستم دانش | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Ecological Analysis of Interactions and International Performance of Universities | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Yaghoub Entezari1؛ Maryam Hosseini2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Higher Education Economics, Higher Education Research and Planning Institute, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Educational Innovation and Curriculum, Higher Education Research and Planning Institute, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objectives: In the current age, which is known as the age of knowledge, the development and competitiveness of countries and nations depends on the production, delivery and effective and fruitful use of knowledge and technology. These activities are all formed and expanded in an ecosystem called "Knowledge Development Ecosystem". Universities are the center of this type of ecosystem. Interactions and performance of universities play a very decisive role in the performance of these ecosystems. The interactions and performance of a university can be analyzed and explained at both national and international levels. So far, researchers and policy makers have mainly paid attention to the access to resources and material and physical facilities in determining the international performance of universities, and they have not paid attention to the role of the university biome. Therefore, the aim of this article is to emphasize the livability of the university in the biome and the ecological analysis of the international interactions and performance of the universities. Materials and Methods: To achieve this goal, descriptive approach, documentary research method, conceptual framework of knowledge ecology and quantitative statistical analyzes have been used. The data and information required in relation to the variables "international performance of universities" which are the dependent variables, from the "QS" World University Rankings report in 2024; and the data and information required in relation to the variables related to the biome, which are independent variables; It has been obtained from various reports of the ranking of countries in different areas of the biome (such as economic freedom index, human freedom index, global knowledge index and global competitiveness index). The relationship between these dependent and independent variables has been analyzed using the "generalized structural equation modeling" technique. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the article from the aforementioned analyzes show that for a university to achieve a competent performance in the global arena, simply having access to funds, resources and material facilities is not enough; Rather, a university's achievement of a competent performance in this field requires livability in a competent biome. A decent biome has at least 7 basic features: 1. The free and competitive economy that is current in advanced countries 2. An open and free society, which is a necessary condition for free thinking, scientific freedom, freedom of expression and behavior based on rationality, science and ethics 3. A free, stable and Sustainable political system, which is a necessary condition for the formation of good governance 4. A competent institutional regime that forms the main components of good governance at the micro and macro level 5. The existence of advanced information and communication technology that facilitates national and international interactions of universities 6. Advanced knowledge economy which, in addition to scientific funds, expands the opportunity and capacity of internal and international interactions of the university; And finally 7. Competent interactions and performance at the national level, which provides more resources and opportunities for international interactions Policy suggestions: According to these results, it is suggested to the leaders, politicians and policy makers of knowledge-based development in general, and science, technology and innovation policy makers in particular in developing countries (especially Iran), if they want to have thriving universities in To have a global arena, do the following actions: 1. Amending the laws and regulations of the country in line with free and competitive economy 2. Amending the country's laws and regulations in order to increase interaction and coordination with the economy and the world community 3. Reforming the country's foreign policies in line with the active and effective emergence of universities, non-governmental organizations and the government in relevant international assemblies and organizations 4. Amending the laws and regulations of the country in order to open and liberalize the social and cultural affairs of the society 5. Amending the laws and regulations of the country in order to establish the principles of good governance at micro and macro levels 6. Development of global interactions between the government and universities based on the principles of good governance 7. Increasing domestic and foreign investment to expand and improve information and communication technology 8. Increasing domestic and foreign investment in the production, distribution, delivery and use of new knowledge; And finally 9. Increasing domestic and foreign investment in scientific funds and technologies used in the country's universities | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| University Performance, University Ranking, Knowledge Ecology, Knowledge Ecosystem | ||
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