سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

به‌بم‌زاده, رامین, امیری, مقصود, تقوی‌فرد, محمد تقی, یوسفلی, امیر. (1403). مسیریابی-مکان‌یابی دوسطحی در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان. , 14(4), 165-200. doi: 10.48308/jimp.14.4.165
رامین به‌بم‌زاده; مقصود امیری; محمد تقی تقوی‌فرد; امیر یوسفلی. "مسیریابی-مکان‌یابی دوسطحی در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان". , 14, 4, 1403, 165-200. doi: 10.48308/jimp.14.4.165
به‌بم‌زاده, رامین, امیری, مقصود, تقوی‌فرد, محمد تقی, یوسفلی, امیر. (1403). 'مسیریابی-مکان‌یابی دوسطحی در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان', , 14(4), pp. 165-200. doi: 10.48308/jimp.14.4.165
به‌بم‌زاده, رامین, امیری, مقصود, تقوی‌فرد, محمد تقی, یوسفلی, امیر. مسیریابی-مکان‌یابی دوسطحی در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان. , 1403; 14(4): 165-200. doi: 10.48308/jimp.14.4.165

مسیریابی-مکان‌یابی دوسطحی در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان

چشم‌انداز مدیریت صنعتی
دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 56، 1403، صفحه 165-200    اصل مقاله (1.82 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/jimp.14.4.165
نویسندگان
رامین به‌بم‌زاده1؛ مقصود امیری* 2؛ محمد تقی تقوی‌فرد2؛ امیر یوسفلی3
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت عملیات و فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
2استاد، گروه مدیریت عملیات و فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
3دانشیار، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه و اهداف: توسعه شهری و افزایش میزان حمل‌ونقل‌های برون شهری و درون شهری منجربه آن شده است تا هزینه‌های مرتبط با حمل‌ونقل به شدت افزایش یابد، این افزایش هزینه منجر به افزایش قیمت تمام شده محصولات نهایی و در نتیجه افزایش قیمت محصول می‌شود. همچنین تنها بعد اقتصادی مد نظر نبوده و افزایش حمل‌ونقل منجر به افزایش میزان انتشار گاز CO2 می‌شود. این موضوع منجر به طراحی مدل‌های مختلف حمل‌ونقل و مسیریابی وسیله نقلیه شده است که می‌توان به مسئله مکان‌یابی-مسیریابی وسیله نقلیه اشاره کرد. مسئله مکان‌یابی تسهیلات یک تصمیم استراتژیکی است، زیرا هزینه احداث و مکان‌یابی تسهیلات بسیار بالا می‌باشد. از سوی دیگر، تصمیمات مسیریابی مبتنی بر تصمیمات مکان‌یابی صورت می‌پذیرد و یک تصمیم میان‌مدت و کوتاه‌مدت به شمار می‌آید. در این مقاله، با توسعه یک مدل ریاضی از مکان‌یابی-مسیریابی وسیله نقلیه در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت و در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان، تلاش شده است تا بهینه‌سازی همزمان در توابع هدف پایداری با حفظ حداقل قابلیت اطمینان صورت پذیرد. اهداف پایداری در این مقاله شامل کمینه‌سازی هزینه‌های کل مسئله، کمینه‌سازی میزان انتشار CO2 و بیشینه‌سازی فرصت‌های شغلی بر اساس تصمیمات یکپارچه استراتژیکی و تاکتیکی است. مهم‌ترین موضوع پرداخته شده در این مقاله، تصمیم‌گیری در خصوص مسیریابی بهینه حمل‌ونقل با در نظر گرفتن پنجره زمانی و قابلیت اطمینان در مکان‌یابی تسهیلات بر اساس نرخ خرابی آن‌ها می‌باشد.
روش‌ها: به دلیل غیر قطعی بودن پارامترهای مدل ریاضی، از انواع مختلف روش‌های برنامه‌ریزی فازی و استوار امکانی در فرموله کردن مدل استفاده شده است. از این رو 4 مدل مختلف برای کنترل عدم‌قطعیت پارامترهای تقاضا و هزینه‌های حمل‌ونقل استفاده و نتایج مدل با یکدیگر مقایسه شده است. همچنین برای حل مدل ریاضی چند هدفه از دو روش دقیق و الگوریتم فراابتکاری استفاده شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل مدل ریاضی در سایز کوچک و همچنین تحلیل حساسیت مدل از روش اپسیلون محدودیت تقویت شده و برای حل مثال‌های عددی در سایزهای بزرگتر از الگوریتم NSGA-II استفاده شده است. همچنین در این مقاله یک راه حل اولیه  مبتنی بر اولویت‌بندی برای الگوریتم فرا ابتکاری استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل‌ها نشان می‌دهد افزایش نرخ عدم‌قطعیت، اگرچه منجربه افزایش فرصت‌های شغلی شده است، هزینه‌های کل و میزان انتشار گازهای گلخانه را نیز افزایش داده است. همچنین، بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد روش RPP-III بالاترین هزینه استواری مدل را با کمترین انحراف معیار کسب کرده است. در تحلیل قابلیت اطمینان، این موضوع مشاهده گردید که هر چه نرخ خرابی تسهیلات بالاتر باشد، تعداد مراکز تولید و مراکز توزیع مکان‌یابی شده افزایش می‌یابد. این موضوع منجر به افزایش هزینه‌های کل، افزایش میزان انتشار CO2 و همچنین افزایش تعداد فرصت‌های شغلی شده است. با تجزیه و تحلیل 15 مثال عددی نیز مشاهده گردید که NSGA-II از کارایی بالایی در حل مدل ریاضی نسبت به اپسیلون محدودیت تقویت شده برخوردار است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق، به مدیران در راستای اتخاذ تصمیمات استراتژیکی نظیر مکان‌یابی تسهیلات و تاکتیکی نظیر مسیریابی وسیله نقلیه کمک شایانی می‌نماید تا بتوانند در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت بازار تصمیمات مناسبی را اخذ کنند. با توجه به اینکه در این مدل، تصمیمات و مفروضات مختلف و نزدیک به دنیای واقعی لحاظ شده است، مدل ریاضی می‌تواند در صنایع پخش، مخصوصا کالاهای دارویی و الکترونیکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
مکان‌یابی-مسیریابی؛ مسیریابی دوسطحی؛ عدم‌قطعیت؛ استوار امکانی؛ الگوریتم فراابتکاری؛ قابلیت اطمینان
عنوان مقاله [English]
Two-Echelon Location-Routing under Uncertainty Considering Reliability
نویسندگان [English]
Ramin Behbamzadeh1؛ Maghsoud Amiri2؛ Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard2؛ Amir Yousefli3
1Ph. D. Student, Department of Operation Management and Information Technology, Management and Accounting Faculty, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
2Professor, Department of Operation Management and Information Technology, Management and Accounting Faculty, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
3Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Introduction and objectives: Urban development and the increase in intercity and intracity transportation have led to a significant rise in transportation costs. This rise in cost increases the final product price and consequently the product's market price. Additionally, the economic aspect is not the only concern; increased transportation results in higher CO2 emissions. These issues have driven the design of various transportation and vehicle routing models, including the vehicle location-routing problem. Facility location is a strategic decision due to the high costs associated with constructing and locating facilities. On the other hand, routing decisions depend on location decisions and are considered mid-term and short-term decisions.
In this study, a mathematical model for vehicle location-routing under uncertainty conditions and considering reliability is developed to simultaneously optimize sustainability objective functions while maintaining minimum reliability levels. The sustainability objectives in this study include minimizing total costs, minimizing CO2 emissions, and maximizing job opportunities based on integrated strategic and tactical decisions. The primary focus of this paper is decision-making for optimal transportation routing, considering time windows and the reliability of facility location based on their failure rates.
Methods: Given the uncertainty of the mathematical model parameters, various fuzzy and robust possibilistic programming methods were employed to formulate the model. Four different models were used to manage the uncertainty of demand parameters and transportation costs, and the results were compared. Additionally, two methods—an exact solution approach and a meta-heuristic algorithm—were employed to solve the multi-objective mathematical model. The enhanced epsilon constraint method was used to analyze small-scale mathematical models and conduct sensitivity analyses, while the NSGA-II algorithm was applied to solve larger-scale numerical examples. Furthermore, an initial solution based on prioritization was utilized for the meta-heuristic algorithm.
Results and discussion: The results indicate that although an increase in uncertainty rates leads to more job opportunities, it also raises total costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the analysis reveals that the RPP-III method achieves the highest model robustness cost with the lowest standard deviation. In the reliability analysis, it was observed that higher facility failure rates result in an increased number of located production and distribution centers. This, in turn, leads to higher total costs, increased CO2 emissions, and more job opportunities. By analyzing 15 numerical examples, it was also found that NSGA-II is highly efficient in solving the mathematical model compared to the enhanced epsilon constraint method.
Conclusion: The findings of this research assist managers in making strategic decisions such as facility location and tactical decisions such as vehicle routing in the context of market uncertainty. Given that the model incorporates various realistic decisions and assumptions, the mathematical model can be effectively applied in distribution industries, particularly for pharmaceutical and electronic goods.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Location-Routing, Two-Echelon Routing, Uncertainty, Robust Possibilistic, Meta-Heuristic Algorithm, Reliability
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