سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

سبحان اردکانی, سهیل, حسینی, نیره السادات. (1404). کمی‌سازی سهم منابع انتشار عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک شهری همدان. , 23(4), 879-896. doi: 10.48308/envs.2025.237077.1443
سهیل سبحان اردکانی; نیره السادات حسینی. "کمی‌سازی سهم منابع انتشار عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک شهری همدان". , 23, 4, 1404, 879-896. doi: 10.48308/envs.2025.237077.1443
سبحان اردکانی, سهیل, حسینی, نیره السادات. (1404). 'کمی‌سازی سهم منابع انتشار عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک شهری همدان', , 23(4), pp. 879-896. doi: 10.48308/envs.2025.237077.1443
سبحان اردکانی, سهیل, حسینی, نیره السادات. کمی‌سازی سهم منابع انتشار عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک شهری همدان. , 1404; 23(4): 879-896. doi: 10.48308/envs.2025.237077.1443

کمی‌سازی سهم منابع انتشار عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک شهری همدان

فصلنامه علوم محیطی
مقاله 5، دوره 23، شماره 4، دی 1404، صفحه 879-896    اصل مقاله (1.02 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/envs.2025.237077.1443
نویسندگان
سهیل سبحان اردکانی* ؛ نیره السادات حسینی
گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: آلودگی عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک شهری به‌عنوان تهدیدی بالقوه برای پایداری محیطی و سلامت شهروندان توجه گسترده‌ای را به‌خود جلب کرده است. در این خصوص، شناسایی منشاء و تعیین کمی سهم منابع آلودگی عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک به‌منظور پیشگیری، کنترل و مدیریت موثر آلودگی و به‌تبع آن کاهش عوامل بالقوه مخاطره‌آمیز محیط‏زیستی و بهداشتی از اهمیتی به‌سزا برخوردار است. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی منشأ و تعیین کمی سهم منابع آلودگی عناصر بالقوه سمی (آرسنیک، سرب، مس، منگنز و نیکل) خاک شهری همدان در سال 1402 انجام یافت.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش توصیفی-مقطعی، در مجموع 162 نمونه خاک سطحی از 18 مکان نمونه‌برداری با کاربری‌های مختلف شهری (مسکونی، تجاری و صنعتی) برداشت شد. پس از آماده‌سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه‏‌ها در آزمایشگاه، مقدار عناصر در آن‌ها به‌روش طیف‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی (ICP-OES) خوانده شد. مقادیر شاخص‏ غنی‌شدگی (EF) نیز محاسبه شد. همچنین، نسبت به شناسایی منشأ و کمی‌سازی سهم منابع آلودگی عناصر با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری همبستگی پیرسون (PCC)، تجزیه و تحلیل‌ مؤلفه‏‌های اصلی (PCA)، خوشه‏‏بندی سلسله مراتبی (HCA) و مدل امتیاز مؤلفه اصلی مطلق/رگرسیون خطی چندگانه (APCS/MLR) اقدام شد. داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS مورد پردازش قرار گرفتند.

نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه میانگین مقدار عناصر برای آرسنیک، مس و نیکل به‌ترتیب با 6.88، 30.9 و 24.3 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم مربوط به کاربری صنعتی و بیشینه میانگین محتوی عناصر سرب و منگنز به‏‌ترتیب با 31.2 و 293 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم مربوط به کاربری تجاری و بیان‌گر تاثیر فعالیت‌ها و کاربری‌های مختلف شهری بر تغییرات مکانی محتوی عناصر بود. نتایج محاسبه شاخص EF بیان‌گر غنی‌شدگی "متوسط" تا "خیلی شدید" عناصر آرسنیک، سرب، مس، منگنز و نیکل در منطقه مورد مطالعه و مؤید تاثیر منابع انسان‌پدید بر مقدار و آلودگی عناصر مورد مطالعه بود. نتایج حاصل از آزمون‌های آماری تحلیل چندمتغیره (PCC، PCA و HCA) نشان داد که منابع ترافیکی، صنعتی-زمین‌زایی و احتراق سوخت فسیلی، منشا عمده آلودگی عناصر فلزی/شبه‌فلزی خاک در شهر همدان بوده است. همچنین، نتایج مدل APCS/MLR بیان‎گر آن بود که منابع ترافیکی، صنعتی- زمین‌زایی و احتراق سوخت فسیلی به‌ترتیب %56.0، %30.0 و %14.0 از سهم آلودگی عناصر را به‌خود اختصاص داده‌اند. به‌علاوه، نتایج تعیین سهم کمی منابع آلودگی برای هر یک از عناصر نشان داد که سرب و منگنز به‌طور عمده از منابع ترافیکی، عناصر مس و نیکل از منابع صنعتی-زمین‌زایی و عنصر آرسنیک به‌طور عمده از انتشارات ناشی از احتراق سوخت فسیلی نشأت گرفته‌اند. به‌طور کلی، ورودی‌های انسان‌پدید با سهم نسبی %70.0، منشاء اصلی انتشار عناصر در منطقه مورد مطالعه بود و منابع ترافیکی با اختصاص %56.0 از سهم کل انتشار آلاینده‌های فلزی به‌عنوان منبع اصلی و عمده آلودگی عناصر مورد ارزیابی در خاک شهری همدان شناسایی شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بیان‌گر سهم عمده منابع ترافیکی به‌عنوان منشأ اصلی آلودگی عناصر آرسنیک، سرب، مس، منگنز و نیکل در خاک شهر همدان بود؛ لذا، کاهش انتشار عناصر از منابع ترافیکی مؤثرترین و ضروری‌ترین راهبرد کنترل آلودگی برای حفظ سلامت زیست‌بوم شهری و شهروندان است. در این خصوص، بهینه‌سازی و بهبود سیاست‌ها و راهبردهای مدیریت و کنترل حمل‌ونقل شهری، برنامه‌ریزی برای ایجاد و توسعه مسیرهای ویژه برای حمل‌ونقل عمومی، نوسازی ناوگان حمل‌ونقل عمومی با استفاده از خودروهای برقی و ترغیب شهروندان در خصوص استفاده از وسایل نقیله عمومی توصیه می‌شود. به‌طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش بر لزوم تعیین سهم کمی منابع آلودگی برای تسهیل در مدیریت و کاهش مؤثر آلاینده‌های محیطی تاکید دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
خاک شهری؛ آلاینده‌های معدنی؛ ترافیک؛ تحلیل چند متغیره؛ مدل APCS/MLR
عنوان مقاله [English]
Quantitative Source Apportionment of Potentially Toxic Elements Input Into The Urban Soils of Hamedan
نویسندگان [English]
Soheil Sobhan Ardakani؛ Nayereh Sadat Hosseinii
Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction: The urban soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has elicited great public attention worldwide due to its potential threats to urban dwellers health and environmental sustainability. In this regard, identifying and quantifying the PTE pollution sources are of particular importance in urban soil pollution control as well as management and reduce potential environmental and health risk. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify and quantify of potentially toxic element sources (As, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Ni) in surface soil of Hamedan city in 2023.

Materials and methods: In this study, a total of 162 urban surface soil samples were collected from 18 sampling sites from three different functional regions (i.e. residential, commercial, and industrial). Following sample preparation and acid digestion, the concentrations of the analyzed elements were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Additionally, the enrichment factor (EF) was calculated to assess the level of contamination and enrichment associated with these elements. Also, The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), Principal Component Analyses (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Absolute principal component score followed by multiple linear regression (APCS/MLR) model were utilized to identify and quantify the sources of soil PTEs pollution. Statistical analyses of data were done using SPSS software.

Results and discussion: The results from determining the content of the elements showed that the highest average content of As, Cu, and Ni (mg/kg) with 6.88, 30.9, and 24.3, respectively, were belonged to the industrial areas and for Pb and Mn with 31.2 and 293, respectively, were belonged to the commercial areas, revealing the effect of various urban activities and land uses on the spatial variations of the PTE contents. The average EF value reflected "moderate" to "very severe" enrichment conditions in the study area. The results of source identifying based on the PCC, PCA, and HCA showed that the traffic emissions, industrial-geological emissions, and fossil fuel combustion have been three main sources of soil PTEs contamination in Hamedan city. The results obtained of the APCS/MLR model showed that the traffic emissions, industrial-geological emissions, and fossil fuel combustion accounted 56.0%, 30.0% and 14.0%, of contribution the PTE pollution in study area, respectively. Additionally, the results of determining the quantitative contribution of pollution sources for each PTEs represented that Pb and Mn mainly originated from traffic emissions; whereas, Cu and Ni emitted from industrial-geological emissions; meanwhile, As mainly derived from fossil fuel combustion emissions. Notably, the PTEs contamination in soil of city of Hamedan were mainly released from the anthropogenic origin (70.0%) and the traffic emissions as the primary pollution source (56.0%) had the highest contribution to the PTE pollution in study area.

Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, traffic was the major contribution sources of As, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Ni pollution in the soil of city of Hamedan; therefore, reducing the emission of elements from traffic sources is the most effective and necessary strategy of pollution control for maintaining the health of both the urban ecosystem and citizens. In this regard, optimize and improve of urban transportation is recommended for management and control policies and strategies, plan to create and develop special ways for public transportation, modernize the public transportation fleet using electric vehicles, and encourage citizens to use public transportation. In general, the results of this research emphasized the need to determine the quantitative contribution of pollution sources to facilitate the management and effective reduction of environmental pollutants.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Urban soil, Inorganic pollutants, Traffic, Multivariate analysis, APCS/MLR model
مراجع

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