محلات شهری سلامتافزا: الگویی جدید در طراحی و برنامهریزی محلات سالم؛ نمونۀ موردی: محلۀ سعدی شیراز | ||
| صفه | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 110، 1404، صفحه 93-118 اصل مقاله (1.31 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/soffeh.2025.224199.1097 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهره فتحی نژاد* 1؛ پروین پرتوی2 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استاد دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اهداف و پیشینه: رشد جمعیت و گسترش بیرویة شهرنشینی در قرن بیستم موجب توجه به مقولة سلامت گردید. سلامت شهر در گرو داشتن محیط سالم و بسترهای مناسب اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیستمحیطی، و ... است و شهروندانْ پایه و اساس این شهر هستند. بر اساس استراتژیهای طراحی و برنامهریزی، سیاستهای شناساییشده، بهمنظور بهبود سلامت و رفاه عمومی، حول ارتباط بین ویژگیهای مرفولوژیکی و عملکردی بافتهای شهری و سلامت عمومی در شهرها شکل میگیرند و این امر ازجمله موضوعات مهم و حیاتی برای شهرهای معاصر و جوامع امروزی است. در این خصوص، رویکردهای مختلفی بهمنظور طراحی محلات سالم و مناسب برای سکونت افراد طـرح شده است. امروزه در کشورهای توسعهیافته برای افزایش توانایی افراد، جوامع، و جمعیتها و حفظ سلامت و رفاه شهروندان، همچنین عرضة چشماندازی روشن نسبت به جنبههای مثبت زندگی، از رویکرد سلامتافزا (رویکردی متمرکز بر سلامت و رفاه اجتماعی انسان) استفاده میشود. بر اساس این رویکرد و برای تحقق سلامت اجتماعی، جسمانی، و روانی ساکنان و بهبود کیفیت زندگی آنها، محلات شهری بهصورت خودکفا طراحی میشود. در این پژوهش هدف تدوین الگویی جدید در طراحی و برنامهریزی محلات سالم، با اتکا به رویکرد سلامتافزاست. روشن است که در این طراحی، توجه به مسائل، مشکلات، و پتانسیلهای موجود، میتواند نقش مؤثری در ارتقای سلامت افراد داشته باشد و در این زمینه، یافتن راهکارهای طراحی و برنامهریزی محلات شهری با رویکرد سلامتافزا نیز باید مورد نظر باشد. مواد و روشها: شیوة تحقیق در این پژوهش بهلحاظ هدفْ کاربردی و بهلحاظ روشْ آمیخته است. متغیرهای وابسته در این پژوهش، با توجه به رویکرد سلامتافزایی محیطهای شهری، شامل سلامت اجتماعی، سلامت روان، و سلامت جسمی ساکنان میشود، اما متغیرهای مستقل ابعاد طراحی و برنامهریزی محلات شهری هستند، که از متغیرهای وابسته اثر میپذیرند. همچنین بهمنظور ارزشگذاری مؤلفههای عینی، از روش مشاهدة کارشناسی (مشاهدة عینی محققان) و برای سنجش میزان کیفیت مؤلفههای ذهنی و مؤلفههای اجتماعی از روش ارزیابی اثرمحور ساکنان و مسئولین محلی و در مواردی از هردو روش استفاده شده است. روش انجام و جمعآوری اطلاعات نیز شامل مطالعات کتابخانهای، مشاهده، و برداشت میدانی است که در بخش تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها از دو روش آماری توصیفی و تحلیل استنباطی استفاده شده است. نتایج و جمعبندی: ارتباط ابعاد پژوهش با سلامت اجتماعی نشان از آن دارد که ابعاد عملکردی، اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی، مدیریتی، زیستمحیطی، و اقتصادی با سلامت اجتماعی ساکنان مرتبط هستند. همچنین ابعاد مدیریتی، دسترسی، کالبدی، زیباییشناسی، اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی، و زیستمحیطی بر علائم جسمانی، استرس، اضطراب، کارکرد، و نهایتاً بر میزان سلامت جسم و روان ساکنان محله نیز اثر میگذارند. درنتیجه میتوان انتظار داشت بهبود سطح کیفی مؤلفههای ابعاد محیطی ذکرشده به سطح سلامت عمومی بالاتری در افراد و ساکنان آن محیط و درنهایت جوامع سالمتری منجر شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اجتماعات محلی؛ سلامت؛ رویکرد سلامتافزا؛ محلة سعدی؛ شیراز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Health-Boosting Urban Neighbourhoods: A New Model in Designing and Planning Healthy Neighbourhoods; The Case of Sa’adi Neighbourhood, Shiraz | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zohreh fathinejad1؛ Parvin Partovi2 | ||
| 1Master of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Art, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor,, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning,, Iran University of Art, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Population growth and uncontrolled urbanisation in the 20th century drew attention to the concept of health, which depends on a healthy environment and suitable social, economic, environmental, and other contexts, with citizens forming the foundation of this city. Under identified design and planning strategies, actions, and policies for improving public health and welfare, the relationship between morphological and functional characteristics of urban fabrics and public health in cities is emphasised, which is considered an important and vital topic in contemporary cities and societies. In this regard, various approaches have been defined for designing healthy and suitable neighbourhoods for people to live in. Today, developed countries use the ‘salutogenic’ approach – an approach focused on human health and social well-being – to increase the ability of individuals, communities, and populations to maintain the health and well-being of citizens, as well as to offer a clear vision regarding the positive aspects of life. Based on this approach, and to achieve social, physical, and mental health of residents, urban neighbourhoods are designed to be self-sufficient, aiming to improve their quality of life. The aim of this research is to develop a new model for designing and planning healthy neighbourhoods, relying on the salutogenic approach, suitable for the morphological and functional characteristics of the urban environment in Shiraz, which can play an effective role in promoting the health and well-being of citizens. Finding design and planning solutions for urban neighbourhoods with a salutogenic approach is also intended in this regard. Materials and Methods: Whilst being applied research in terms of purpose, the method used here is mixed otherwise. Considering the salutogenic approach, the dependent variables are urban environments, including social health, mental health, and physical health of residents. The independent variables are the scope of urban neighbourhood planning, which are influenced by the dependent variables: For measuring and valuing ‘objective components’, the expert observation method (researcher’s objective observation) is used. For measuring the quality of ‘subjective and social components’, the resident- and local official-oriented evaluation method, and in some cases, a mixture of both is employed. The method of conducting and collecting information includes library studies, observation, and field surveys. In the data analysis section, both ‘descriptive statistical and inferential analysis methods’ are utilised. Results and conclusion: The relationship between research dimensions and social health indicates that the functional, socio-cultural, managerial, environmental, and economic dimensions are related to the social health of residents. Furthermore, the managerial dimensions, accessibility, physical, aesthetic, socio-cultural, and environmental dimensions influence physical symptoms, stress, anxiety, function, and ultimately the physical and mental health of neighbourhood residents. As a result, it can be stated that improving these environmental qualities will lead to higher levels of public health in individuals and residents of that environment, and ultimately to healthier communities. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Community health, Salutogenic approach, Sa’adi Neighbourhood, Shiraz | ||
| مراجع | ||
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