Seed Protein Analysis as a Tool for Taxonomy of Alcea (Malvaceae) in Iran | ||
| Plant, Algae, and Environment | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 9، شماره 3، آذر 2025، صفحه 94-106 اصل مقاله (993.23 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/pae.2025.238145.1099 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| maneezheh Pakravan* | ||
| Department of plant sciences, Faculty of Biological sciences, Alzahra university | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The genus Alcea L. consists of over 50 species, which are primarily distributed in the Irano-Turanian region but have also spread into the Caucasus and the Eastern Mediterranean. Due to the high phenotypic plasticity observed in this genus, species identification requires a combination of traits that are often not all present in a single herbarium specimen. In this study, the electrophoresis of seed proteins is investigated in 24 species and 4 varieties of the genus Alcea. Plant samples were collected from 18 different provinces. This study aimed to apply the seed protein pattern in Alcea species to determine the boundary between Alcea species by using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The observed protein bands provided a basis for comparing the species. A total of 7 common bands were found among all species, which can be considered characteristic markers of the genus Alcea. Similarity coefficients and Jaccard indices were used to create a similarity matrix, and a cluster analysis was performed using the Ward method with SPSS software. The results showed that A. aucheri was closely related to A. arbelensis, A. koelzii, A. rechingerii, A. kurdica, and A. schirazana based on seed protein storage. A close relationship was observed between A. arbelensis and A. rechingerii, with a 90% protein similarity. Additionally, 92% protein similarity was found between A. gorganica and A. popovi. In the cluster analysis, the species were grouped into 7 clusters, which were nearly identical to the morphological grouping of the species. The seed electrophoresis results were compared with previous molecular phylogenetic studies. We can conclude that seed protein analysis is more useful in determining the relationship of closely related species and subspecies within the genus Alcea. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Alcea؛ Electrophoresis؛ Iran؛ SDS-PAGE؛ Storage proteins | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alverson, W. S., Whitlock, B.A., Nyffeler, R., Bayer, C., and Baum, D.A. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of the core Malvales based on ndhF sequences. American Journal of Botany, 86, pp. 1474-1486.
APG III (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). 2009. An update of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of The Linnean Society, 161 (2), pp. 1005-121. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
APG IV (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). 2016. An update of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of The Linnean Society, APG IV (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). 181 (2), pp. .1-20.
Arabameri, M., Mehrabian, A., and Khodayari, H. 2023. Pollen Morphology of Malvaceae in Iran: A Case Study to Complete Pollen Atlas of Iran. Plant, Algae, and Environment,7(1), pp. 1093- 1110. DOI: 10.48308/jpr.2023.104476
Boissier, PE. 1867. Flora orientalis, vol. 1. Basel.
Bradford, H.G.M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72(1-2), pp. 248-254.
Colli-Silva, M., Pérez-Escobar, O.L., Ferreira, C. D.M., Costa, M.T.R., Gerace, S., Coutinho, T. S., Yoshikawa, V.N., Antonio-Domingues, H., Gutiérrez, R. H., Bovini, M.G., Duarte, M.C., Cheek, M., Chase, M.W., Fay, M.F., Christenhusz, M.J.M., Dorr, L. J., Schoeplein, C., Corcoran, M., Roy, S., Cable, S., McLay, T., Maurin, O., Forest, F., Baker1, W.J., & Antonelli, A. 2025. Taxonomy in the light of incongruence: An updated classification of Malvales and Malvaceae based on phylogenomic data. Taxon, 0, 0, 1-25. DOI:.org/10.1002/tax.13300.
Escobar García, P., Schönswetter, P., Fuertes Aguilar, J., Nieto Feliner, G. and Schneeweiss, G.M. 2009. Five molecular markers reveal extensive morphological homoplasy and reticulate evolution in the Malva alliance (Malvaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, pp. 226-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.015.
Escobar Garcia, P., Pakravan, M., Schönswetter, P., Fuertes Aguilar, J., and Schneeweiss, G.M. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships in the species-rich Irano-Turanian genus Alcea (Malvaceae). Taxon, 61(2), pp. 324-332. DOI: 10.1002/tax.612004.
Hutchinson, J. 1967. The Genera of Flowering Plants (Angiospermae), vol. II. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Hanes, M.M., Blanchard, O.J., Jr., Valencia-D., J., McLay, T., Abbott, J.R., McDaniel, S.F., Barrett, R.L., Mathews, S., & Neubig, K.M. 2024. Phylogenetic relationships within tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) reveal complex patterns of polyphyly in Hibiscus and Pavonia. Systematic Botany. 49, p.p. 77–116. DOI: org/10.1600/ 036364424X17114831879189.
Ibrahim, Z.M. and Hassan, S.H., Karakish, E.A., and Ismail, M. 2023. Significance of Seed Storage Protein and Seed Morphological Characters in the Classification of Some Species of Malvaceae s.l. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 63(2): 431-455. DOI: 10.21608/ejbo.2022.165769.2154.
Iljin, M.M. 1949. Malvaceae. In: Komarov, V.L., Shishkin, B.K., Bobrov, E.G. (Eds.),
Flora SSSR, vol. 15. Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, pp. 21–137.
Judd, W.S. & Manchester, S.R. 1997. Circumscription of Malvaceae. (Malvales) as determined by a preliminary cladistic analysis of morphological, anatomical, palynological, and chemical characters. Brittonia, 49, p Judd, W.S. & Manchester, S.R. 1997. Circumscription of Malvaceae (Malvales) as determined by a preliminary cladistic analysis of morphological, anatomical, palynological, and chemical characters. Brittonia, 49, p.p. 340-405. DOI: org/10.2307/2807839.
Kubitzki, K. & Bayer, C. 2003. Malvales In: Kubitzki (ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Malvales, Capparales and Non-Betalain Caryophyllales, vol. 5, p.p. 225-311. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
Laemmli, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227, pp. 680–685.
LePéchon, T. & Gigord, L.D.B. 2014. On the relevance of molecular tools for taxonomic revision in Malvales, Malvaceae s.l., and Dombeyoideae. P.p. 337–363 in: Besse, P. (ed.), Molecular plant taxonomy: Methods and protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1115. Totowa: Humana Press. DOI: org/10.1007/978-1-62703-767-9_17
Ghahreman, A., Pakravan, M. and Assadi, M. 2000. A new species of Alcea (Malvaceae) from Iran. Nordic Journal of Botany, 20(6), pp. 701-704.
Pakravan, M. 2001. Biosystematic study of the genus Alcea L. (Malvaceae) in Iran. Dissertation, University of Tehran, Tehran.
Pakravan, M. 2003. Alcea Ilamica, a new species from Iran. Rostaniha, 4(34), pp. 93-97.
Pakravan, M. 2005. New findings of the genus Malva L. (Malvaceae) in Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany, 11(2), pp. 247-249.
Pakravan, M. 2006. A new combination in Alcea (Malvaceae) from Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany, 12 (1), pp. 97-98.
Pakravan, M. 2006. Novelties in the genus Alcea in Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany, 12 (2), pp.183-186.
Pakravan, M. 2008. A new species and a new combination in Iranian Alcea (Malvaceae)
Annales Botanici Fennici, 45(2), pp. 133-136. DOI:10.5735/085.045.0207.
Podani, J. 2000. Introduction to the Exploration of Multivariate Data [English translation]. Leide, Netherlands: Backhuys.
Riedl, I. 1976. Alcea. 41–80 in: Rechinger KH. (ed) Flora Iranica, 120. Graz, Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt.
Smith, B.J. 1984. SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins. Method in Molecular Biology, 1, pp. 41-55.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 (onwards 2014). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, Retrieved 15 July 2014. http://www.mobot. org/ MOBOT/research/APweb/Includes
Takhtajan, A.L. 1980. Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophyta). Botanical Review. (Lancaster) 46: 225–359. DOI: org/10.1007/bf0286155
Tate, J.A., Fuertes Aguilar, J., Wagstaff, S.J., La Duke, J.C., Bodo Slotta, T.A. and Simpson, B.B. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data. American Journal of Botany, 92, pp. 584-602.
Townsend, C.C. 1980. Alcea. In: Townsend CC, Guest E. (Eds.), Flora of Iraq, vol. 4(1). Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, pp. 248–258.
Özbek, F. and Uzunhisarcıkli, M.F. 2023. Taxonomic significance of seed macro-micromorphology of Turkish Alcea L. (Malvaceae) through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy and Technique. 86 (12), pp. 1551-1567. DOI:org/10.1002/jemt.24385
Walker, C.C. & Eggli, U. 2023. Adansonia Malvaceae. Pp. 807–820 in: Eggli, U. & Nyffeler, R. (eds.), Dicotyledons: Rosids, 2nd ed. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Cham: Springer.
DOI:org/10.1007/978-3-030-93492-7_75
Zohary, M. 1963a. Taxonomical studies in Alcea of South-Western Asia. Part I. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 11D4, pp. 210–229.
Zohary, M., 1963b. Taxonomical studies in Alcea of South-Western Asia. Part II. Israel Journal of Botany, 121, pp. 1-26.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 44 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 34 |
||