References

Books

1. Ghafari Farsani, Behnam, Competition Law and Its Enforcement Mechanisms, 2^nd, Tehran: Mizan Publishing, 2019. (in Persian)
2. Groves, Peter J., Sourcebook on Intellectual Property Law, London & Sydney: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1997.
3. Jafari Langaroudi, Mohammad-Jafar, Comprehensive Work on Legal Terminology, vol. 3, 6^th, Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Publishing, 2008. (in Persian)
4. Matin Daftari, Ahmad, Civil and Commercial Procedure, vol. 2, 2^nd, Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 1999. (in Persian)
5. Mohajeri, Ali, Civil Procedure Law in the Current Legal Order, 1^st, Tehran: Fekr-Sazan Publishing, 2011. (in Persian)
6. Mortazavi Birjandi, Abdolhamid, Competition Law and Its Procedure, Tehran: Judiciary — Office of Press & Publications, 2023. (in Persian)
7. Motta, Massimo, Competition Policy: Theory and Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
8. Nahrini, Fereydoun, Interim Injunction in Iranian Law: A Comparative Study, 1^st, Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Library, 2008. (in Persian)
9. Sadrzadeh Afshar, Seyyed Mohsen, Civil and Commercial Procedure of the Public and Revolutionary Courts, 2, 5^th edition., Tehran: Jahad-e Daneshgahi Publishing, 2001. (in Persian)
10. Sayyah, Ahmad, The New Comprehensive Great Dictionary (Translation of Al-Munjid), 1, 18^th edition., Tehran: Eslam Publishing, 1996. (in Persian)
11. Shams, Abdollah, Civil Procedure, vol. 3, 35^th, Tehran: Darak, 2021. (in Persian)
12. Shiravi, Abdolhossein, Economic Law, 2^nd, Tehran: SAMT, SH 1400. (in Persian)
13. Veljanovski, Cento G., Economic Principles of Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
14. Vincent, J. et al., Nouveau Code de Procédure Civile, Vol. 1, 95th edition, Paris: Dalloz, 2003.
15. Yousefzadeh, Morteza, Civil Procedure, 3^rd, Tehran: Sherkat Sahami Enteshar, 2015. (in Persian)

Articles

16. Abhari, Hamid & Reza Zarei, “Formal Characteristics and Conditions of an Application for a Temporary Injunction in Iranian Civil Procedure,” Private Law Studies, Vol. 40, No. 42, 2010, PP. 1–17. (in Persian) doi: 1001.1.25885618.1389.40.101.1.2
17. Bradford, A.; Chilton, A. S.; Megaw, C.; & Sokol, N., “Competition Law Gone Global: Introducing the Comparative Competition Law and Enforcement Datasets”, Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2019, pp. 411–443. doi:10.1111/jels.12215
18. Cousy, Herman A., “Risks and Uncertainties in the Law of Tort”, in Tort and Insurance Yearbook (European Tort Law 2006), European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Wien, 2008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-77572-1_1
19. Ebrahimi, Bibi Rahimeh, “Studies in Fiqh and Islamic Law,” Studies in Fiqh and Islamic Law, Vol. 14, No. 27, Summer 2022, PP. 7–28. (in Persian) doi: 22075/feqh.2021.22674.2769
20. Ebrahimi, Omid & Abbas Sheikh-ol-Eslami, “Legal Assessment of the Organizational Structure and Functions of the Competition Council,” Quarterly of Public Law Studies, Vol. 94, No. 3, 2019, PP. 695–715. (in Persian) doi: https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2018.244557.1605
21. Farsi, Amir-Mohammad, “Legal Analysis of Security for the Claim and Interim Injunction in Civil Procedure: Processes and Criteria,” Legal Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, Winter 2024, PP. 495–508. (in Persian) doi: https://doi.org/10.48309/jlps.2024.492812.1281
22. Hosseini, Abdolrahim, “Comparative Study of the Shariʿa Ruling in the Science of Uṣūl (Principles),” Fiqh Researches, Vol. 11, No. 2, Summer 2015, PP. 367–388. (in Persian) doi: 22059/jorr.2015.55618
23. Khoshnoudi, Reza & Mina Hosseini, “The Legal Nature of the Competition Council and Appeals from Its Decisions,” Legal Researches, Vol. 19, no. 75 (serial no. 75), Khordad 2016, PP. 201–225. (in Persian) https://lawresearchmagazine.sbu.ac.ir/article_56228.html
24. Mirqeysar, Seyyed Rouhollah, “The Role of Ḥaqīqiya Case in Usool al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence),” Islamic Studies: Fiqh & Usool, year 46, serial No. 99, Winter 2014, PP. 197–220. (in Persian) doi:22067/fiqh.v46i19.20803
25. Mirzadeh Kouhshahi, Nader, “Judicial Supervision of the Competition Council and Related Institutions by the Administrative Justice Court,” Comparative Research of Islamic and Western Law, Vol. 9, No. 3, serial No. 33, Mehr 2022, PP. 355–384. (in Persian) doi: 22091/csiw.2022.8269.2287
26. Mofakhari, Roya; Om-al-Banin Ramadanzadeh & Seyyed Hassan Hosseini-Moghadam, “Analysis of the Competition Council’s Powers to Terminate Contracts Arising from Abuse of Dominant Position,” New Researches in Administrative Law, year 6, Summer 2024, No. 19, PP. 229–258. (in Persian) doi: 22034/mral.2023.2004553.1482
27. Mohammadzadeh Vaqani, “The Principle of Precaution in Agricultural and Environmental Law,” Quarterly of Private Law Studies, Vol. 45, No. 3, 2015, PP. 471–486. (in Persian) doi: 22059/jlq.2015.55030
28. Mostafavi, Seyyed Kazem, “The Nature of Judgement,” Law Quarterly, Faculty of Law & Political Science, Vol. 39, No. 1, Spring 2009, PP. 289–309. (in Persian) doi: 1001.1.25885618.1388.39.1.14.8
29. Rajabi, Abdollah, “Conditions and Effects of Precautionary Measures in Iranian Law,” Quarterly of Private Law Studies, Vol. 50, No. 4, Winter 2020, PP. 678–706. (in Persian) doi: 22059/jlq.2020.273694.1007161
30. Ritchie de Larena, Lorelei, “Re-Evaluating Declaratory Judgment Jurisdiction in Intellectual Property Disputes”, Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 83, 2007. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol83/iss3/5
31. Rouhizadeh, Ali & Majid Abbas-Tabar, “Preventive Declaratory Ruling and Protection of Potential Patent Infringers,” Biannual Judicial Legal Views, issues 77 & 78, Autumn & Winter 2017, PP. 113–131. (in Persian) https://jlviews2.ujsas.ac.ir/article-1-751-fa.html
32. Samami, Abdollah & Abbas Karimi, “The Nature of Interim Injunction and Its Characteristics in French Law,” Comparative Legal Research of Iran & International, Vol. 11, No. 42, Winter 2018, PP. 135–166. (in Persian) https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/alr/Article/1058004
33. Shams, Abdollah, “Cases of Issuing Interim Injunctions and Factors Influencing Their Determination,” Legal Research Journal, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, No. 39, 2004, PP. 11–47. (in Persian) https://lawresearchmagazine.sbu.ac.ir/article_56570.html
34. Tavakoli, Ahmadreza, “The Nature of a Shariʿa Ruling from the Viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (r.a.),” Research on Fiqh and Islamic Law, Vol. 3, No. 6, 2010, PP. 27–44. (in Persian)
35. Trebilcock, Michael J. & Iacobucci, Edward M., “Designing Competition Law Institutions: Values, Structure, and Mandate”, Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2010. https://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol41/iss3/5
36. Ünekbaş, Selçukhan, “The Resurrection of the Comfort Letter: Back to the Future?”, Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, Vol. 15, No.25, 2022, pp. 43–58. doi: 10.7172/1689‑9024.YARS.2022.15.25.2
37. Wright, Joshua D. & Ginsburg, Douglas H., “The Economic Analysis of Antitrust Consents”, European Journal of Law and Economics (forthcoming), George Mason University Law & Economics Research Paper Series, No. LS 18-12. doi: 1007/s10657‑018‑9579‑6
38. Yun, John M., “Going Backwards: The FTC’s New Prior Approval Policy”, George Mason University Law & Economics Research Paper Series, Vol. 22, No. 06, 2022.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4063119

Rules & Regulations

39. Commercial Code, approved on 03 May 1932. (in Persian)
40. Executive By-laws of the Law for Facilitating the Preparation of Documents in Notary Public Offices, approved on 16 March 2008. (in Persian)
41. Executive Instruction for Articles 47, 48 & 49 of the Law on Implementation of General Policies of Article 44 of the Constitution, approved on 08 December 2018. (in Persian)
42. Instruction on the Method of Legal Inquiry and Response in the Judiciary, approved on 10 December 2019. (in Persian)
43. Law for Facilitating the Preparation of Documents in Notary Public Offices, approved on 15 August 2006. (in Persian)
44. Law of Civil Procedure of the Public and Revolutionary Courts (Civil Matters), approved on 10 April 2000. (in Persian)
45. Law of Notary Public Offices and the Association of Notaries and Daffariyan, approved on 16 July 1975. (in Persian)
46. Law on Registration of Companies, approved on 23 May 1931. (in Persian)
47. Law on the Implementation of the General Policies of Article 44 of the Constitution, approved on 28 January 2008 (With latest amendments up to up to 2023). (in Persian)
48. Regulations of Notary Public Offices, approved in 1938. (in Persian)

Documents

49. European Commission, Commission Notice on Informal Guidance Relating to Novel or Unresolved Questions Concerning Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Guidance Letters), Official Journal of the European Union, C 381/9–C 381/13, available at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri= oj:JOC_2022_381 _R_0007 (last visited 17/07/2025).

50. European Commission, DG Competition, Cases Art. 81/82 (ex 85/86) Closed by Comfort Letter, [years listed 1990–1999], available in the Annual Report on Competition Policy.
51. Federal Trade Commission, Statement on the Use of Prior Approval Provisions in Merger Orders, rescinded July 21, 2021.
52. S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, Response to the Institute of International Finance Request for a Business Review, January 14, 2021.
53. “§ 50.6 Antitrust Division Business Review Procedure”, 28 CFR Ch. I (7–1–24 Edition), available at: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-50/section-50.6 (last visited 17/07/2025).
54. Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002, Official Journal of the European Union, OJ L 1, 4 January 2003.

Cases

55. Court of First Instance, Judgment of the Fourth Chamber, 17 February 2000, Stork Amsterdam BV v Commission of the European Communities, Case T-241/97, ECLI: EU:T:2000:41, 2000, ECR II-309.
56. Stork Amsterdam BV v Commission of the European Communities, Case T-241/97, Judgment of the Court of First Instance (Fourth Chamber), 17 February 2000, ECLI: EU:T:2000:41, [2000] ECR II-309.

Thesis

57. Aslani Hajiabadi, Hamid, A Comparative Study of the Reliable Message of the Competition Council in Iranian and U.S. Law, Master’s thesis, University of Tehran (Farabi Campus), Faculty of Law, LL.M. in Law, Fiqh & Economic Law, 2024. (in Persian)
58. Haj Ebrahimi, Meysam, Legal Effects of Responses to Land/Registry Inquiries, Master’s thesis, University of Tehran (Farabi Campus), Faculty of Law, LL.M. in Law (Registration & Real Property), 2018. (in Persian)

Websites

59. Antitrust Division of the DOJ, "Seeking Opinions on Potential Conduct", The National Law Review, available at:

 https://natlawreview.com/article/seeking-opinions-potential-conduct-antitrust-division-department-justice (last visited 17/07/2025).

60. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, Business Review Letter, available at:

https://search.justice.gov/search?affiliate=justice-atr&query=Business +Review+Letter (last visited 17/07/2025).

61. https://nicc.gov.ir (last visited 20/07/2025).
62. IP Glossary, “Business Review Letter, ” available at:

https://www.ipglossary.com/glossary/business-review-letter/ (last visited 17/07/2025).

63. United States Department of Justice, “What is a Business Review? ”, available at: https://www.justice.gov/atr/what-business-review (last visited 20/07/2025).