تحلیل راهبردی توسعه شهری در سواحل مکران با تأکید بر الگوی مسکن | ||
| فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 7، شماره 14، مهر 1404، صفحه 48-62 اصل مقاله (1.98 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/sdge.2025.234793.1186 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سجاد خسروآبادی* ؛ سید ابوالفضل وزیری؛ علی موظف رستمی | ||
| گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه: احداث و توسعه شهرهای جدید بهعنوان یکی از سیاستهای مطرح در آمایش سرزمین در دهههای اخیر مطرح بوده است. یکی از مناطقی که ازلحاظ ژئوپلیتیکی و اقتصادی نقش مهمی برای کشور دارد، منطقه سواحل مکران است. باوجود برخورداری از مزیتهای منحصربهفرد ژئوپلیتیکی، موقعیت راهبردی اقتصادی و دسترسی مستقیم به آبهای بینالمللی و مناطق آزاد تجاری، سواحل مکران همچنان به عنوان یکی از مناطق کمتر توسعهیافته کشور شناخته میشود که این تناقض، ضرورت بازنگری در الگوهای توسعه منطقهای را آشکار میسازد. باوجود شرایط استراتژیک منطقه، سیاستگذاری و برنامهریزی جهت طراحی شهر جدید با الگوی مناسب ساخت مسکن در راستای توسعه منطقهای سواحل مکران، امری ضروری و اجتنابناپذیر قلمداد میشود. موانع ساختاری مانند محدودیتهای قانونی و نبود سرمایهگذاران مناسب، توسعه منطقه مکران را با وجود پتانسیلهای بالا با چالش مواجه کرده و این منطقه را از اولویتهای توسعهای خارج ساخته است. در نتیجه، ظرفیتهای استراتژیک مکران همچنان بلااستفاده باقی ماندهاند. مواد و روشها: در این پژوهش، با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و بر اساس مطالعات نظری و کتابخانهای و بررسی مقالات صاحبنظران خارجی در الگوهای توسعه شهری، نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید توسعه سواحل مکران با محوریت ساخت مسکن بررسی گردیده است. در واقع سعی شده است راهبرد توسعه شهری در سواحل مکران با تأکید بر الگوی ساخت مسکن جهت کمک به پیشرفت و آبادانی این مناطق موردبررسی قرار گیرد و با ارزیابی الگوهای توسعه عمودی و افقی مسکن، الگوی مناسب توسعه شهری در سواحل مکران ارائه شود. بدین منظور ابتدا نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید توسعه سواحل مکران با ساخت مسکن طبقهبندیشده و با استفاده از ماتریس SWOT مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته است. چراکه تحلیل SWOT به عنوان ابزاری راهبردی، عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر موفقیت هر مجموعه را به صورت نظاممند شناسایی میکند. این روش بر این اصل استوار است که یک راهبرد اثربخش باید همزمان سه هدف اصلی تقویت نقاط قوت، بهرهگیری از فرصتها، کاهش ضعفها و خنثیسازی تهدیدها را دنبال کند. این چهارچوب تحلیلی با ایجاد توازن بین عوامل درونی و بیرونی، مبنای علمی مناسبی برای تصمیمگیریهای راهبردی فراهم میآورد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج بهدستآمده حاکی از لزوم استفاده از راهبرد تهاجمی، بهعنوان راهبرد اصلی در این زمینه است. بر اساس راهبرد اصلی پژوهش، دو راهبرد فرعی جهت اعطای نمره جذابیت در ماتریس کمی QSPM انتخاب شد که نتایج این ماتریس نشان میدهد بهترین راهبرد فرعی تهاجمی توسعه شهری در سواحل مکران با تأکید بر الگوی ساخت مسکن، راهبرد توسعه شهری با روش افقیسازی و ساخت مسکن یک طبقه حیاطدار، جهت پیوند سکونت به معیشت است. روش توسعه شهری افقی وابسته به وجود زمین کافی در منطقه موردمطالعه است که سواحل مکران از این ظرفیت برخوردار بوده و باوجود زمین کافی در این منطقه میتوان با الگوی ساخت مسکن یکطبقه توسعه شهری را در این سواحل محقق کرد. روش توسعه افقی علاوه بر اینکه نسبت به عمودی سازی زودبازدهتر بوده، از تشکیل شهرهای پرتراکم و شلوغ جلوگیری کرده و مقدمات پیدایش محله و شهر متناسب با الگوی ایرانی - اسلامی را فراهم خواهد آورد. نتیجهگیری: با توجه به ترجیح فرهنگی ساکنین منطقه به زندگی در مسکنهای ویلایی یکطبقه به جای آپارتماننشینی، تخصیص زمینهای گسترده و تسهیل ساخت واحدهای مسکونی تکطبقه میتواند به عنوان راهکاری مؤثر برای جذب و حفظ جمعیت در مناطق ساحلی مکران عمل کند. احترام به الگوهای سکونتی بومی و تدوین سیاستهای هدفمند، انگیزه اسکان دائم و ارتقای بهرهوری اقتصادی در مکران را تقویت میکند. جذب جمعیت به منطقه، زمینه بهرهبرداری مؤثر از ظرفیتهای تولیدی و صادراتی مکران را فراهم میسازد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| توسعه شهری؛ آمایش سرزمین؛ مسکن یکطبقه؛ سواحل مکران؛ ماتریس SWOT | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Strategi Analysis of Urban Development in Mokran Coast with Emphasis on Housing Pattern | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sajjad Khosroabadi؛ Seyyed Abolfazl Vaziri؛ Ali Movazzaf Rostami | ||
| Department of Economics, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Economics, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: The construction and development of new cities have been prominent policies in spatial planning over the past few decades. One of the regions with significant geopolitical and economic importance for the country is the Makran coastal area. Despite its unique geopolitical advantages, strategic economic position, and direct access to international waters and free trade zones, the Makran coast is still recognised as one of the country’s less developed regions. This contradiction highlights the need to reconsider regional development models. Despite the region’s strategic conditions, policymaking and planning for the design of a new city with an appropriate housing development model are considered essential and inevitable for the regional development of the Makran coast. Structural barriers, including legal restrictions and a lack of suitable investors, have hindered the development of the Makran region, despite its high potential, thereby relegating it to the sidelines. As a result, Makran’s strategic capacities remain underutilised. Materials and Methods: In this study, using a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on theoretical and library research, as well as a review of articles by international experts on urban development models, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of developing the Makran coastal region, with a focus on housing construction, have been examined. For this purpose, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of developing the Makran coast through housing construction have first been categorised and evaluated using the SWOT matrix. This is because SWOT analysis, as a strategic tool, systematically identifies the key factors influencing the success of any initiative. This method is based on the principle that an effective strategy should simultaneously pursue three main objectives: strengthening strengths, leveraging opportunities, reducing weaknesses, and neutralising threats. By balancing internal and external factors, this analytical framework provides a solid scientific basis for strategic decision-making. Results and Discussion: The results indicate the need to adopt an aggressive strategy as the primary approach in this area. Based on the primary research strategy, two secondary strategies were selected to assign attractiveness scores in the QSPM quantitative matrix. The results of this matrix show that the best aggressive sub-strategy for urban development on the Makran coast, with an emphasis on housing construction patterns, is a strategy of horizontal expansion and the construction of single-story houses with courtyards to link residence to livelihood. The horizontal urban development approach depends on sufficient land availability in the study area, and the Makran coast possesses this capacity. With adequate land in this region, urban development can be achieved by building single-story houses. In addition to being more quickly implementable than vertical development, the horizontal approach prevents the formation of densely populated and crowded cities. It paves the way for the emergence of neighbourhoods and cities following the Iranian-Islamic model. Conclusion: Given the residents' cultural preference for single-story villas rather than apartment buildings, allocating large plots of land and facilitating the construction of single-story residential units can serve as an effective strategy for attracting and retaining population in the coastal areas of Makran. Respecting local settlement patterns and formulating targeted policies strengthens the motivation for permanent residence and enhances economic productivity in Makran. Attracting population to the region paves the way for the effective utilisation of Makran’s productive and export capacities. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Urban Development, Land Preparation, One-story Housing, Makran Beaches, SWOT Matrix | ||
| مراجع | ||
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