حق سکنی مطلقه در نظامهای حقوقی ایران، عراق و الجزایر | ||
| فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 28، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 112، آذر 1404، صفحه 83-105 اصل مقاله (956.17 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/jlr.2023.231368.2479 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مینا سالم پور* 1؛ محمد روشن2 | ||
| 1دکتری، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) mybestgod1@gmail.com | ||
| 2دانشیار، پژوهشکده خانواده، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اساس زندگی اجتماعی، تداوم و ثبات زندگی خانوادگی است. خانوادههای استوار براساس محبت و مودت، احترام متقابل، موجب ثبات جامعه میشوند؛ اما ممکن است پیوند زوجیت به هر دلیلی موجه یا غیرموجه گسسته شود. شرع و پیرو آن قانونگذار ایرانی طلاق را منع نکرده است؛ لیکن ممکن است زوج به دلایل غیرمعقول به طلاق زوجه مبادرت نماید. بسیاری از زنان که قربانی اقتدار زوج در طلاق شده و از کاشانه خود طرد شدهاند، پس از طلاق بیسرپناه میمانند. تأثیر منفی آن علاوهبر مطلقه و فرزندان دامنگیر کل جامعه میشود. این مهم از دید مقنن ایرانی مغفول مانده است. یافتن راهحل پیشگیرانه -حمایتی از مطلقه، الزامی است. دراین پژوهش، که به روش تحلیلی- بنیادی و تطبیقی انجام شده، با مراجعه به آیات قرآن، سنت و عقل بهعنوان ادله معتبر مشخص شده است که حق مسکن به نفع مطلقه قابل استخراج است. نظام حقوقی عراق در قانون حق سکنی مطلقه، تحت شرایطی حق مسکن برای مطلقه را به مدت سه سال پیشبینیکرده است. قانونگذار الجزایری نیز در قانون خانواده با پیشبینی تأمین مسکن یا در صورت عدم امکان، پرداخت اجارهبها توسط زوج، از مطلقهای که حضانت کودکان را بهعهده دارد، حمایت نموده است. | ||
تازه های تحقیق | ||
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| کلیدواژهها | ||
| حق مسکن مطلقه؛ مطلقه حاضنه؛ نظام حقوقی عراق؛ نظام حقوقی الجرائر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Right of Residence of a Divorcee in Legal Systems of Iran, Iraq and Algeria | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mina salempour1؛ mohammad roshan2 | ||
| 1P.h.D, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Corresponding Author Email: mybestgod1@gmail.com | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Marriage is divinely ordained as a sacred bond between a man and a woman for the establishment of a stable family. Nevertheless, the stability of the family may be threatened by challenges that affect the continuity of love or marital relations. Although divorce is generally disfavored, it is permitted as a last resort to end an unsuccessful marital relationship. Divorce does not always align with the objectives of Islamic law, nor is it always accompanied by the full payment of the wife’s rights. It is common for men to issue divorce without legitimate cause, resulting in significant social issues, including homelessness for divorced women and their children. Provision of housing for divorced women and their children under custody has largely been neglected in legislation, despite the fact that the right to housing is a fundamental and essential right closely linked to a woman’s dignity, personality, and status, which Islamic law strongly recommends. The rising rate of divorce and the displacement of numerous women with their children necessitate a legal review and the enactment of precise protective regulations. The approval of the protection rights of the divorced wife also has a preventive role in divorce and ultimately leads to a decrease in the number of divorces because if the man knows that the divorced woman is under the protection of the law and that in the event of a divorce without a valid reason, he will be obliged to provide her house, he will make a decision with reflection and foresight.This study seeks to answer the question: Is the right to housing for divorced women, based on Quranic verses, Hadiths, and rational arguments, recognizable under Iranian law? To address this question, the concept of housing (Sakani), the conditions for entitlement, and instances of non-entitlement were examined in the legal systems of Iran, Iraq and Algeria. The primary objective of this research is a comparative examination of the right to housing for divorced women in the legal systems of Iraq and Algeria with that of Iran, aiming to propose protective measures to prevent homelessness resulting from unjustified divorces in Iran. Iraq and Algeria were selected because their legal frameworks, like Iran’s, are derived from Islamic law and share common jurisprudential foundations. However, both countries have specific protective mechanisms regarding the housing rights of divorced women, which can provide a basis for comparison and potential solutions for Iranian law. The Iraqi legislature, in the 1983 Right to Residence Law, has provided for the right of a divorced woman to reside for three years under certain conditions and the Algerian Family Law, amended in 2005, has also provided for the right of a divorced woman who has custody of children to claim housing or receive rent. Such provisions aim to reduce the harms and suffering caused by unjust divorce. Methods This study is analytical and comparative in nature. Data were collected from legal sources, including the Iranian Civil Code and the Family Protection Law, as well as jurisprudential sources, Quranic verses, and authentic Hadiths. In the comparative section, the 1983 Iraqi Housing Rights Law and the 2005 amended Algerian Family Law were analyzed. Data were examined through content and comparative analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Iranian law. The research considers legal, social, and human dimensions, allowing an evaluation of the effectiveness of legislation and its alignment with principles of justice and human dignity. Results and Discussions Analysis of Iranian laws reveals that legal protection of divorced women’s housing rights is limited and insufficient. Article 38 of the Family Protection Law and related provisions grant the right to housing only under specific conditions and time constraints, without effective enforcement mechanisms. Custodial divorced women, responsible for their children, face serious economic and housing challenges in the absence of practical enforcement measures. In Iraq, under the 1983 Housing Rights Law, a divorced woman may reside in the marital home for up to three years. This legal protection ensures women’s dignity, economic security, and prevents psychological harm. In Algeria, the 2005 amended Family Law guarantees the right to housing or rental payment for custodial divorced women. These laws not only support women but also serve as a deterrent against misuse of child custody rights by spouses. It is recommended that legislators, drawing on jurisprudential principles and experiences from other legal systems, enact clear and independent regulations regarding the housing rights of divorced women, particularly those with child custody, and recognize it as a right distinct from child support. Effective enforcement mechanisms should also be established to oblige the husband to provide housing or pay rent, thereby preserving the woman’s dignity and ensuring the children’s rights are adequately protected. Conclusion The study concludes that Iranian laws regarding the housing rights of divorced women, particularly custodial divorced women, require serious reform and effective enforcement mechanisms. The experiences of Iraq and Algeria demonstrate that legal recognition of housing rights and their enforcement have significant positive effects in supporting women and children. Legislators, taking into account custody status, the husband’s financial capacity, and the divorced woman’s dignity, can draft efficient laws to secure family well-being, children’s welfare, and social justice | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| The right of residence of a divorcee, Custodial Divorcee, Iraqi Legal System, Algerian Legal System | ||
| مراجع | ||
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