جانشینی دولت ها در مسوولیت بین المللی | ||
| فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 21، شماره 81، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 315-336 اصل مقاله (347.2 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jlr.2018.110104.1022 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| میر شهبیز شافع1؛ وحید بَذّار* 2 | ||
| 1دانشیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بهشتی | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین الملل عمومی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به ماهیت شخصی عمل متخلفانه، هر فعل متخلفانه بین المللی دولت موجب مسوولیت بین المللی همان دولت است. این اصل در موارد جانشینی دولت ها، در خصوص مسوولیت بین المللی دولت سابق، پاسخ مناسبی ارایه نمی دهد. اگر به واسطه ی نبود دولت مرتکب، مسوولیت بین المللی آن نیز فراموش شود، عمل متخلفانه بین المللی بدون جبران رها خواهد شد و حق دولت زیان دیده نسبت به جبران، نادیده گرفته خواهد شد. رویه کنونی دولت ها نشان می دهد که دایره اعمال دکترین عدم جانشینی دولت ها در مسولیت بین المللی، جز در برخی موارد از جمله موجودیت دولت مرتکب (دولت سابق)، بسیار محدود گردیده است و حتی در فرض وجود دولت سابق نیز می توان با احراز رضایت دولت جانشین، ماهیت سرزمینی بودن عمل متخلفانه و توسل به اصل دارا شدن ناعادلانه بحث جانشینی دولت ها در مسولیت بین المللی را مطرح نمود. این مقاله سعی دارد تا با استفاده از قواعد حقوقی و بررسی رویه دولت ها در انواع مختلف جانشینی دولت ها به این چالش اصلی پاسخ دهد که آیا مسوولیت بین المللی که قبل از تاریخ جانشینی برای دولت سابق ایجاد شده است، به دولت جانشین منتقل می گردد؟ | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جانشینی؛ مسوولیت بین المللی؛ رویه دولت ها؛ عمل متخلفانه بین المللی؛ تعهد به جبران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Succession of States in International Responsibility | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mirshahbiz Shafe1؛ Vahid Bazzar2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Beheshti University | ||
| 2PHD Student of International Law | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| On the basis of a personal nature of wrongful act, every internationally wrongful act of a State entails the international responsibility of that State. This principle does not provide an appropriate response on the succession of States as to the international responsibility of the predecessor state. If the international responsibility to be forgotten because of absence of doer state, internationally wrongful act will be released without reparation and the right to reparation of injured state will be ignored. Current practice of states show that has been very limited application of the doctrine of non-succession in International Responsibility, but in some cases including existence of doer state (predecessor state) and even on the assumption that there is predecessor state, it is could also raised the subject of succession of States in international responsibility by the consent of the successor state, the nature of territoriality of wrongful act and the principle of unjust enrichment. with using norms of law and state practice in different types of succession of states, this Article is to Endeavour to Responses this main challenge whether international responsibility of predecessor state before the date of the succession has been transferred to the successor state? | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Succession, international responsibility, State Practice, Internationally Wrongful Act, Obligation to Reparation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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