ممنوعیت یارانه منوط به استفاده از توان داخلی برای انرژی تجدیدپذیر در نظام سازمان جهانی تجارت | ||
| فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 24، شماره 94، تیر 1400، صفحه 33-58 اصل مقاله (713.65 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jlr.2020.184819.1590 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدجعفر قنبری1؛ محمدحسین حمیدزاده* 2 | ||
| 1دانشگاه بهشتی | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری حقوق نفت و گاز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ارتقاء انرژی تجدیدپذیر نیازمند سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم قابل توجهی است که در راستای کاستن هزینه سرمایه‌گذاری، دولت نیز بایستی حامی تولید‌کنندگان و سرمایه‌گذاران باشد. از جمله شیوه‌های شایع و موثر حمایت دولت‌ها از انرژی پاک، اعطاء یارانه‌های منوط به استفاده از توان داخلی است. با وجود ضرورت‌های زیست محیطی و عملی شدن سیاست‌های صنعتی به واسطه اعطاء این نوع یارانه، موافقت‌نامه یارانه‌ها و اقدامات جبرانی این نوع حمایت مالی را بدون هرگونه کیفیت‌گذاری و بررسی آثار آن بر محیط زیست و توسعه انرژی تجدیدپذیر ممنوع دانسته است که مورد انتقاد طرفداران محیط زیست قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، نویسندگان متعددی بهره‌گیری از مقررات موافقت‌نامه عمومی تعرفه و تجارت (گات) و رویکرد رکن حل و فصل اختلاف را برای رفع ممنوعیت قانونی پیشنهاد نموده‌اند. پژوهش حاضر با بررسی مقررات گات و رویکرد رکن حل و فصل اختلاف نتیجه می‌گیرد که منابع یاد شده به جهت عدم‌شفافیت، کلی‌نگری، انعطاف‌پذیری و تردید بر تامین شرایط سلبی و ایجابی، در رفع ممنوعیت قانونی ناکارآمد بوده و مناسب‌ترین راه‌حل همان اصلاح مقررات موافقت‌نامه یارانه‌ها و اقدامات جبرانی می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| یارانه منوط به استفاده از توان داخلی؛ انرژی تجدیدپذیر؛ ممنوعیت قانونی؛ سازمان جهانی تجارت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Prohibition of local content requirement subsidy for Renewable Energy in the WTO System | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mohamadjafar ghanbari1؛ mohammadhosein hamidzadeh2 | ||
| 1دانشگاه بهشتی | ||
| 2Ph.D candidate | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The promotion of the renewable energy calls for substantial direct investment as a sine quo non; in order to reduce the cost of investment, the government should also support the producers and investors. One of the most common and effective methods that the governments apply to support the clean energy is providing local content requirement subsidy. Despite the environmental necessities and the implementation of the industrial policies due to this type of subsidy, Agreement on Subsides and Countervailing Measures has prohibited this type of support without any quality assessment and analysis of its impacts on the environment whatsoever, drawing its fair share of criticisms from the environmentalists. In this regard, several researchers and scholars, have recommended the regulations proffered by the General Agreement Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the approach adopted by the dispute settlement body as a viable solution. The present study, analyzing the regulations provided by GATT and dispute settlement bodies consequences, concludes that due to the unclarity, generality, flexibility and failing to meet the positive and negative requirements, the aforementioned sources are deficient in removing the legal prohibition. Ergo, the best solution is revising the regulations of the Agreement on Subsides and Countervailing Measures. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| local content requirement subsidy, renewable energy, legal prohibition, WTO | ||
| مراجع | ||
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