سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

فرهی منش, مریم, قویدل, محمد, صادقی, عباس. (1399). سیستماتیک و جغرافیای دیرینه سرخس‌ها در گروه شمشک، ناحیه غزنوی، البرز شرقی. , 11(3), 113-132. doi: 10.52547/esrj.11.3.113
مریم فرهی منش; محمد قویدل; عباس صادقی. "سیستماتیک و جغرافیای دیرینه سرخس‌ها در گروه شمشک، ناحیه غزنوی، البرز شرقی". , 11, 3, 1399, 113-132. doi: 10.52547/esrj.11.3.113
فرهی منش, مریم, قویدل, محمد, صادقی, عباس. (1399). 'سیستماتیک و جغرافیای دیرینه سرخس‌ها در گروه شمشک، ناحیه غزنوی، البرز شرقی', , 11(3), pp. 113-132. doi: 10.52547/esrj.11.3.113
فرهی منش, مریم, قویدل, محمد, صادقی, عباس. سیستماتیک و جغرافیای دیرینه سرخس‌ها در گروه شمشک، ناحیه غزنوی، البرز شرقی. , 1399; 11(3): 113-132. doi: 10.52547/esrj.11.3.113

سیستماتیک و جغرافیای دیرینه سرخس‌ها در گروه شمشک، ناحیه غزنوی، البرز شرقی

پژوهشهای دانش زمین
مقاله 7، دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 43، 1399، صفحه 113-132    اصل مقاله (2.4 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.52547/esrj.11.3.113
نویسندگان
مریم فرهی منش1؛ محمد قویدل* 2؛ عباس صادقی1
1گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2انستیتو نفت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
سرخس‌ها از جمله ماکروفسیل های گیاهی هستند که با فراوانی و تنوع زیاد در گروه شمشک واقع در شمال البرز شرقی یافت می‌شوند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی بخش‌های مختلف سرخس‌ها از جمله فروند و اندام زایای منتسب به این ماکروفسیل های گیاهی در ناحیه غزنوی (بین شاهرود و آزاد شهر) است. در این تحقیق، هفت جنس و چهارده گونه سرخس از جمله: Korallipteris yipinglagensis, Cladophlebis nebbensis, Cladophlebis australis, Cladophlebis sp., Cladophlebis haiburnensis, Cladophlebis raciborskii, Cladophlebis cf. scoresbyensis, Cladophlebis denticulata, Clathropteris meniscioides, Dictyophyllum exile, Dictyophyllum nathorsti, Thainguyenopteris, parvipinnulata, Osmundopsis sturiiو Marattia intermediaشناسائی گردید که به سه راسته از سرخس‌ها به اسامی Filicales،Osmundales و Marattiales تعلق دارند.گونه‌های فوق با نمونه‌های همزمان آن‌ها از سایر نقاط جهان مقایسه گردید. این مقایسه نشان می‌دهد که بیشترین شباهت بین گونه‌های ناحیه مورد مطالعه با کشورهای کره، ژاپن، چین، ویتنام، گرین لند، ایتالیا، آلمان و آرژانتین وجود دارد. از سوی دیگر، همراهی گونه‌های سازگار با آب و هوای "گرم و مرطوب" و "گرم و نسبتا خشک‌تر"، می‌تواند حاکی از آن باشد که گونه‌های مورد بررسی همگی در محیط Lowland دلتایی، اما در زیر محیط‌های مختلف می‌زیسته‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
البرز شرقی؛ تریاس پسین؛ سرخس‌ها؛ گروه شمشک؛ ماکروفسیل های گیاهی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Systematic and paleogeography of the ferns in Shemshak group, Ghozanavi area, eastern Alborz mountain
نویسندگان [English]
maryam farahimanesh1؛ mohammad ghavidelsyooki2؛ abbas Sadeghi1
1-Department of Geology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2Institute of Petroleum Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
The eastern Alborz contains a rich assemblage of plant macrofossils studied previously by several
authors (e. g. Corsin and Stampfli, 1977; Vaez-Javadi, 2006; Najafi, 2009 and Vaez-Javadi, 2016).
Ferns are the most dominant plant macrofossils in the Shemshak Group (Kalariz formation) in the
eastern Alborz Mountains. Accordingly, this study focuses on the ferns and the habitat of this group. In
addition, paleogeographic distribution and the range of extension of encountered species are discussed,
and the composition of ferns in the studied flora was compared to those of other Rhaetian assemblages
in other parts of the world.
Materials and Methods
The samples containing Triassic fern macro-remains were collected through systematic sampling during
the measurement of stratigraphic section in the Ghoznavi area (116 Km NE of Shahroud, 22 Km SE of
Azadshahr). The specimens were studied using binocular microscopy. The identification and
classification followed Taylor et al., 2009; Nagalingum and Cantrill, 2006; and Vera and Passalia, 2012.
Results and Discussion
The aim of this study is to establish a systematic investigation of Triassic fern macrofossils including
fronds and reproductive organs from Shemshak Group (Kalariz Formation) in the Ghoznavi area. The
encountered specimens comprise of fern macro-remains referable to three orders (Marattiales,
Osmundales and Filicales) including 7 genera, 14 species: two Pterophyta incertae sedis species
(Korallipteris yipinglagensis and Thainguyenopteris parvipinnulata); three Filicale species belonging
to the Dipteridaceae (Dictyophyllum exile, Dictyophyllum nathorsti and Clatheropteris meniscioides);
eight species of Osmundales and their reproductive organ (Cladophlebis nebbensis, Cladophlebis
australis, Cladophlebis sp., Cladophlebis haiburnensis, Cladophlebis raciborskii, Cladophlebis
scoresbyensis, Cladophlebis denticulata and Osmundopsis sturii); and one species of Marattiales
(Marattia intermedia). Although certain encountered species are long-ranged, extending through the
Jurassic period (i.e. Cladophlebis denticulata and Clathropteris meniscioides), others (i.e.
Dictyophyllum exile, and Thainguyenopteris parvipinnulata) are indicative of Rhaetian.
The encountered fern species in the studied area show the affinities with other Rhaetic flora from both
Laurasia and Gondwana landmasses.
The similarities between the fern species of the studied area and those of Korea, Germany and Argentina
(each one having 5 common species); China and Japan (each one having 6 common species); and finally,
Greenland, Italy and Vietnam (each one having 4 common species) support the cosmopolitan nature of
these taxa during the Late Triassic.
The presence of large and mature fern fragments, preserved parallel to bedding in gray shale and
sandstone, indicates the lowland of deltaic environments (swamp, marsh, levee, flood plain). Most of
the encountered Osmundaceae ferns are indicative of wetter lowland environment and warm conditions,
although the osmundaceous genus, Cladophlebis denticulata, with narrow pinnules and denticulate
margin, suggests drier conditions in drier parts of delta lowland (i.e. levee and flood plain). The large
fronds of understory fern family, Dipteridaceae, (three species of Dictyophyllum and Clatheropteris)
reflect a humid climate with low levels of light in lowland of delta (i.e. marsh and river bank), and the
presence of Marattialean fern species (Marattia intermedia) suggests warm and moist environments in
deltaic lowland (i.e. marsh and swamp).
Conclusion
A comparison was made between the Triassic ferns of the studied area and those of other parts of the
World. This indicates broad similarity with the Late Triassic of Korea, Japan, China, Vietnam,
Greenland, Sweden, Germany, Italy and Argentina. On the other hand, the co-occurrence of hydrophilic
and xerophilic species reveals that these plants lived in the lowland of deltaic environment, but in
different microhabitats.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
E Alborz mmuntain, Late Triassic, Ferns, Shemshak group, Plant fossils
مراجع
  1. -واعظ جوادی، ف.، 1394. ماکروفسیل های گیاهی سازند کلاریز معدن یورت شرقی، آزادشهر و تطابق آن با دیگر افق‌های گیاهی ایران و جهان، نشریه علوم زمین، شماره 99، ص 95-110.‎
  2. -نجفی حاجی پور، د.، 1388. مطالعه ماکروفسیل های گیاهی سازند شمشک در ناحیه غزنوی-فارسیان، در مسیر جاده شاهرود-آزادشهر (البرز شرقی)، شمال ایران: کاربرد چینه‌شناسی ناحیه‌ای و آب و هوای دیرینه، نشریه رخساره‌های رسوبی، شماره 1، ص 106-114.‎
  3.  
  4.  
  5. -Arber, A., 1917. On the occurrence of intrafascicular cambium in monocotyledons: Annals of Botany, v. 31, p. 41-45.
  6. -Alavi, M. and Barale, G., 1970. Etude preliminaire de la flore de la Formation de Shemshak dans la region de Djam (Iran). Publications de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, v. 39, p. 241-252.
  7. -Assereto, R., Barnard, P.D.W. and Fantini Sestini, N., 1968. Jurassic stratigraphy of the central Elburz (Iran): Riv. Ital. Paleont, v. 74, p. 3-21.
  8. -Barbacka, M., Pacyna, G., Feldman-Olszewska, A., Ziaja, J. and Bodor, E., 2014. Triassic-Jurassic flora of Poland; floristical support of climatic changes, Acta Geologica Polonica, v. 3, p. 281-309.
  9. -Barnard, P.D. and Miller, J.C., 1976. Flora of the Shemshak Formation (Elburz, Iran), Part 3: Middle Jurassic (Dogger) plants from Katumbargah, Vasek Gah and Imam Manak: Palaeontographica Abteilung B, p. 31-117.
  10. -Barth, G., Franz, M., Heunisch, C., Kustatscher, E., Thies, D., Vespermann, J. and Wolfgramm, M., 2014. Late Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) brackish to freshwater habitats at a fluvial-dominated delta plain (Seinstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany): Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, v. 94, p. 495-528.
  11. -Bell, S., Harrington, H.J. and McKellar, I.C., 1956. Lower Mesozoic plant fossils from Black Jacks, Waitaki River, South Canterbury: Trans. R. Soc. NZ, v. 83, p. 663-72.
  12. -Bomfleur, B. and Kerp, H., 2010. Dicroidium diversity in the Upper Triassic of north Victoria Land, East Antarctic: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 160, p. 67-101.
  13. -Boureau, É., Furon, R. and Rosset, L.F., 1950. Contribution à l'etude des flores jurassiques d'Asie: Museum national d'histoire naturelle. v. 30, p. 207-242.
  14. -Brauns, D., 1862. Der Sandstein bei Seinstedt unweit des Fallsteins und die in ihm vorkommenden Pflanzenreste: Palaeontographica, v. 9, p. 47-62.
  15. -Brongniart, A., 1828. Prodrome d’une Histoire des Vegetaux Fossils, Paris, 223 p.
  16. -Choo, T., Escapa, I. and Benjamin, B., 2016. Monotypic colonies of Clathropteris meniscioides (Dipteridaceae) from the Early Jurassic of central Patagonia, Argentina: implications for taxonomy and palaeoecology: Palaeontographica. Abteilung B, Palaophytologie, v. 294, p. 85-109.
  17. -Cornet, B. and Traverse, A., 1975. Palynological contributions to the chronology and stratigraphy of the Hartford Basin in Connecticut and Massachusetts: Geoscience and man, v. 11, p.1-33.
  18. -Corsin, P. and Stampfli, G., 1977. La Formation de Shemshak dans L'elburz Oriental (Iran) Flore-Stratigraphie-Paleogeographie: Geobios, v. 10, p. 509-571.
  19. -Deng, S.H., Zhao, Y., Lu, Y.Z., Shang, P., Fan, R., Li, X., Dong, S.X. and Liu, L., 2017. Plant fossils from the Lower Jurassic coal-bearing formation of central Inner Mongolia of China and their implications for palaeoclimate: Palaeoworld, v. 26, p. 279-316.
  20. -Escapa, I.H. and Cúneo, N.R., 2012. Fertile Osmundaceae from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia, Argentina: International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 173, p. 54-66.
  21. -Fakhr, M.S., 1977. Contribution à l'etude de la flore rheto-liasique de la formation de Shemshak de l'Elbourz (Iran): Comite des travaux historiques et scientifiques, Memoires de la Section des. Sciences, v. 5, p. 9-284.
  22. -Feistmantel, O., 1890. Geological and palaeontological relations of the coal and plantbearing beds of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic age in eastern Australia and Tasmania, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of NSW Palaeontol, v. 3, p.1-183.
  23. -Frentzen, K., 1922. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der fossilen Flora des südwestlichen Deutschland. III. Lettenkohlen- und Schilfsandsteinflora: Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des oberrheinischen geologischen Vereins, v. 11, p. 1-14
  24. -Frenguelli, J., 1947. El genero Cladophlebis y sus representantes en la Argentina: An. Mus. La Plata (n.s.) Paleontol, v. 2, p. 1-74.
  25. -Goswami, S., Das, M. and Guru, B.C., 2010. Palaeoenvironment In The Mahanadi Basin: Inferences From Mesozoic Plant And Ichno Fossils Diversity, The Ecoscan, v. 4, p. 7-14.
  26. -Gothan, W.U.E.F., 1914. Die unter-liassische (rhätische) Flora der Umgegend von Nürnberg: Abhandlungen Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nürnberg, v. 19, p. 91-186.
  27. -Harris, T.M., 1931. Rhaetic floras: Biological reviews, v. 6, p. 133-162.
  28. -Jacob, K., Shukla, B.N. and West, W.D., 1955. Jurassic Plants from the Saighan Series of Northern Afghanistan and Their Paleo-climatological and Paleo-geographical Significance: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Palaeont. Indica, v. 33, p. 1-64.
  29. -Kawasaki, S., 1925. Older Mesozoic Plants in Korea: Bulletin of the Geological of Survey Korea, v. 4(1), p. 66.
  30. -Kimura, T. and Kim, B.K., 1988. New Taxa In The Late Triassic Daedong Flora, South Korea: Part 1. In Transactions and proceedings of the Paleontological Society of Japan, New series, v. 1988, p. 603-624.
  31. -Kilpper, K., 1964. Über die Rät/Lias-Flora aus dem nördlichen Abfall des Alburs-Gebirges in Nordiran: Teil 1: Bryophyta und Pteridophyta, Palaeontographica Abteilung B, p. 1-78.
  32. -Kon’no, E., 1968. Some Upper Triassic species of Dipteridaceae from Japan and Borneo: The Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany, v. 61, p. 93-105.
  33. -Kustatscher, E. and Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J.H., 2011. The ferns of the Middle Triassic flora from Thale (Germany): Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, v. 261, p. 209-248.
  34. -Launis, A., Pott, C. and Mørk, A., 2014. A glimpse into the Carnian: Late Triassic plant fossils from Hopen, Svalbard. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Bulletin, v. 11, p. 35-42.
  35. -Lee, P.C., 1964. Fossil plants from the Hsuchiaho Series of Kwangyuan, Northern Sichuan: Mem Inst Geol Palaeont Acad Sin, v. 3, p. 101-178.
  36. -Li, P.J., Cao, Z.Y. and Wu, S.Q., 1976. Mesozoic Plants of Yunan, Science Press, Beijing, p. 87-165.
  37. -Mehlqvist, K., Vajda, V. and Larsson, L.M., 2009. A Jurassic (Pliensbachian) flora from Bornholm: Denmark–a study of a historic plant-fossil collection at Lund University, Sweden, GFF, v. 131, p. 137-146.
  38. -Moller, H., 1902. Bidrag till Bornholms fossila flora, Pteridofyter: Acta Reg. Soc. Fysiogr. Lund, v. 38, p. 1-63 (in Swedish).
  39. -Nagalingum, N.S. and Cantrill, D.J., 2006. Early Cretaceous Gleicheniaceae and Matoniaceae (Gleicheniales) from Alexander Island, Antarctica: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 138, p. 73-93.
  40. -Kilpper, K., 1975. Nordabfall des Alburs- Gebirgers. 1. Grossform der Pflanzenfunde von seltenen Gattungen: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology v. 19, p. 139-153.
  41. -Ôishi, S. and Takahashi, E., 1936. The Rhaetic plants from Province Nagato: A supplement, Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, Ser. 4, Geology and mineralogy, v. 3, p. 113-133.
  42. -Ôishi, S., 1938. The Japanese Equivalents of the Lepidopteris and Thaumatopteris Zones of East Greenland: Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, v. 14, p. 77-80.
  43. -Ôishi, S., 1940. The Mesozoic floras of Japa: Journ. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., v. 5, p. 123-480.
  44. -Pacyna, G., 2013. Critical review of research on the Lower Jurassic flora of Poland: Acta Palaeobotanica, v. 53, p. 141-163.
  45. -Popa, M., 1997. Liassic ferns from the Steierdorf Formation, Anina, Romania. In: Herngreen, G.F.W. (ed.), Proceedings of the 4th European Palaeobotanical and Palynological Conference. Mededel. Nederl. Inst. Toegepaste Geowetens, TNO, v. 58, p. 139-147. v. 53, p.141-163.
  46. -Potonie, R., 1933. Über einige Pflanzenreste aus dem Jura Persiens: Arbeit. Inst. Paläobo. Petrogr. Brennstein, v. 3, p. 247-250.
  47. -Pott, C. and McLoughlin, S., 2011. The Rhaetian flora of Rögla, northern Scania, Sweden: Palaeontology, v. 54, p. 1025-1051.
  48. -Raciborski, M., 1894. Flora kopalna ogniotrwalych glinek Krakowskich: Nakladem Akademii Umiejetnosci.
  49. -Retallack, G.J., 1977. Reconstructing Triassic vegetation of eastern Australasia: a new approach for the biostratigraphy of Gondwanaland, Alcheringa, v. 3, p. 247-278.
  50. -Sadovnikov, G.N., 1976. The Mesozoic flora of Alborz and central Iran and its stratigraphic importance: National Iranian Steel Company, Tabas.
  51. -Sadovnikov, G.N., 1978. New data on the structure and distribution of the ferns Thainguyenopteris and Hyrcanopteris: Paleont. Zhur., v. 4, p. 88-95.
  52. -Sadovnikov, G.N., 2015. Paleoecological characterization of the Middle Siberian trappean plateau at the end of the period of its formation (Near the Permian-Triassic Boundary): Paleontological Journal, v. 49, p. 89-99.
  53. -Scanu, G.G., Kustatscher, E., Pittau, P. and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H., 2016. New insight into the Middle Jurassic Floras of Sardinia (Italy)–The Miccolis Collection at the Museo di Storia Naturale of Venice, Italy, Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, v. 55, p. 29-45.
  54. -Schenk, A., 1887. Fossile Pflanzen aus der Albourskette, gesammelt von E. Tietze, Chefgeologe der k.k. geologischen Reichsanstalt: Bibliotheca botanica, Abhandlungen aus dem Gesammtgebiete der Botanik. v. 6, p. 112.
  55. -Schweitzer, H.J., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H. and van der Burgh, J., 1997. The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan, 10. Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta-Eusporangiatae and-Protoleptosporangiatae: Palaeontographica Abteilung B, p. 103-192.
  56. -Schweitzer, H.J. and Kirchner, M., 1998. Die rhäto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans, 11. Pteridospermophyta und Cycadophyta, Cycadales: Palaeontographica v. 248, p. 1-85.
  57. -Srebrodol’skaya, I.N., 1969. New Representatives of Late Triassic Flora in Northern Vietnam: Tr. Vses. Geol. Inst., Novaya Ser., v. 130, p. 85-113.
  58. -Sze, H.C., 1949. Die Mesozoische Flora aus der Hsiangchi Kohlen Serie in Westhupeh: Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series A, v. 2, p.1-71.
  59. -Sze, H.C., 1956. The correlation and the age of the Yenchang Flora, Northern Shensi: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 3, p. 25-44.
  60. -Rees, P.M. and Cleal, C.J., 2004. Lower Jurassic floras from Hope Bay and Botany Bay, Antarctica: Special Papers in Palaeontology v. 72, p. 1-90.
  61. -Taylor, E.L., Taylor, T.N. and Krings, M., 2009. Paleobotany: the biology and evolution of fossil plants: Academic Press, 1230 p.
  62. -Tidwell, W.D., Kim, J.H. and Kimura, T., 1987. Mid-Mesozoic leaves from near Ida Bay, southern Tasmania, Australia: In Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, v. 121, p. 159-170.
  63. -Vaez-Javadi, F., 2006. Plant fossil remains from the Rhaetian of Shemshak Formation, Narges-Chal area, Alborz, NE Iran: Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research In Paleontology and Stratigraphy), v. 112, p. 397-416.
  64. -Vaez-Javadi, F., 2011. Middle Jurassic flora from the Dansirit formation of the Shemshak group, Alborz, north Iran: Alcheringa, v. 35, p. 77-102.
  65. -Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H., Pott, C., Cleal, C.J. and Zijlstra, G., 2017. Differentiation of the fossil leaves assigned to Taeniopteris, Nilssoniopteris and Nilssonia with a comparison to similar genera: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 237, p. 100-106.
  66. -Vassiliev, Y., 1984. Mesozoic plant fossils from coal areas in Iran, v. 2, 97 p.
  67. -Vera, E.I. and Passalia, M.G., 2012. Korallipteris, a new genus for Mesozoic Gleichenia-like fern fronds: Geobios, v. 45, p. 421-428.
  68. -Volynets, E.B. and Shorokhova, S.A., 2007. Late Triassic (Mongugai) flora of the Primorye region and its position among coeval floras of Eurasia: Russian Journal of Pacific Geology, v. 1, p. 482-494.
  69. -Wang, Y., Yang, X., Guignard, G., Deng, S., Tian, N. and Jiang, Z., 2009. The fossil Gleicheniaceous ferns of China: Biodiversity, systematics, spore ultrastructure and evolution: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 156, p. 139-156.
  70. -Weber, R., 1968. Die fossile Flora der Rhiit-Lias-Ubergangsschichten von Bayreuth (Oberfranken) unter besonderer Berticksichtigung der Coenologie: Erlanger geologische Abhandlungen, v. 72, p. 1-73.
  71. -Wu, X.W., 1991. Several species of Osmundaceae from Middle Jurassic Hsiangchi Formation in Zigui of Hubei: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 30, p. 570-581.
  72. -Yabe, H. and Ôishi, S., 1933. Mesozoic plants from Manchuria: Science Report of The Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan, 2d Series (Geology), v. 12, p. 195-238.
  73. -Zeiller, R., 1886. Note sur les empreintes vegetales recueillies par M. Jourdy au Tonkin: Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser, v. 3, p. 454-463.
  74. -Zeiller, R., 1903. Flore fossile des gîtes de charbon du Tonkin: Imprimerie nationale, Paris, 328 p.
  75. -Zeiller, R., 1905. Sur les plantes rhetiennes de la Perse recueillies par MJ de Morgan: Societe geologique de France, v. 5, p. 190-197.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 9,407
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 6,533