1دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشدعلوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
2استادگروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
3مربی پژوهش بخش تحقیقات رستنیها، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، تهران
چکیده
سیبزمینی از مهمترین محصولات زراعی است و بهدلیل داشتن ارزش غذایی بالا محصول بسیار مهمی در تغذیه کشورهای در حال توسعه جهان بهشمار میرود. قارچهای میکوریزا با برقراری رابطه همزیستی با گیاهان باعث افزایش رشد آنها میشوند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی قارچهای میکوریزایی همزیست گیاه سیبزمینی و بررسی تأثیر آنها بر پارامترهای رویشی این گیاه است. بههمین منظور سه نمونه مرکب خاک و ریشه، از ریزوسفر بوتههای سیبزمینی سه مزرعه واقع در اطراف شهر اردبیل جمعآوری گردید. از این نمونهها چهار گونه قارچ، Glomus aggregatum، Claroideoglomus etunicatum، Funneliformis geosporum و Funneliformis mosseae شناسایی شد و بهعنوان اینوکولوم اولیه برای تکثیر قارچها کشت گلدانی شدند. با استفاده از اینوکولوم بهدست آمده، هر آزمایش با سه تیمار، عبارت از همراه با میکوریزا، همراه با کود شیمیایی و بدون میکوریزا و کود شیمیایی (شاهد) انجام شد. بررسی آماری پارامترهای رویشی نشان داد گیاهان روییده در خاک حاوی قارچهای میکوریزایی نسبتبه گیاهان رشد یافته در خاک دارای کود شیمیایی و نیز خاک شاهد، اختلاف معنیداری از نظر میزان وزن خشکوتر کل گیاه دارند. این نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از فلور طبیعی برای تقویت خاک و رشد بهتر گیاه بر کودهای شیمیایی برتری دارد و میتواند در کشاورزی پایدار مد نظر قرار گیرد.
1MSc. of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2Professor, Dephartement of Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3Research Instructor, Dephartement of Herbages Researchs, Iranian Research Institute of plant Protection, Tehran
چکیده [English]
Potato is one of the most important agricultural products. ِ ِDue to high nutritional it has high nutritious value, it is considered as one of the main products in the nutrition of under developing countries. Mycorrhiza fungi increasethe growth of plants with establishing coexistence relation with the plants. The purpose of this work is to identify the mycorrhiza fungi which have mutual relation with roots of potato plant and relation with edible potato plant and study their effects on the growth parameters of this plant.Wet sieving and decanting method was used for purification of the spores the spoors of these fungi are separated with sieve from the wet earth.In this study four species of mycorrhiza fungi belonging to the genus Glomus type were identified. These species were: Glomus aggregatum, Funneliformis.geosporum, Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, In order to increase the mycorrhizal fungi, the pot culture method was used.Statistical study revealed that there is a significant differences in the number of leaves, flowers, size of stem and root, fresh and dry and weight in treated plants as compare to control Mycorrhiza fungi were inoculated in the potato plants. In this study it was determined that in the potatoes which were inoculated with AMF, the size of plants in dry and wet condition, were so high with regard to the care of fertilize treatments .According to the results of this study, we can hope that in future we will be able to use Mycorrhiza instead of using chemical fertilizers. This method will improve the growth of potato plants and will prevent the chemical contamination of the farms.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Chemical fertilizer, Potato
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