سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

رستمی, سامان, امینی راد, حسن, عابسی, عزیر. (1397). ارزیابی هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای در رسوب های سطحی سواحل منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس، (بندر عسلویه). , 16(3), 217-232.
سامان رستمی; حسن امینی راد; عزیر عابسی. "ارزیابی هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای در رسوب های سطحی سواحل منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس، (بندر عسلویه)". , 16, 3, 1397, 217-232.
رستمی, سامان, امینی راد, حسن, عابسی, عزیر. (1397). 'ارزیابی هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای در رسوب های سطحی سواحل منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس، (بندر عسلویه)', , 16(3), pp. 217-232.
رستمی, سامان, امینی راد, حسن, عابسی, عزیر. ارزیابی هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای در رسوب های سطحی سواحل منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس، (بندر عسلویه). , 1397; 16(3): 217-232.

ارزیابی هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای در رسوب های سطحی سواحل منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس، (بندر عسلویه)

فصلنامه علوم محیطی
مقاله 13، دوره 16، شماره 3، مهر 1397، صفحه 217-232    اصل مقاله (1.28 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
سامان رستمی؛ حسن امینی راد* ؛ عزیر عابسی
گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف:
فعالیت‌‌های اکتشافی استخراجی و پالایشگاهی در طول سالیان اخیر زیان­ های زیادی به محیط‌ زیست خلیج‌فارس وارد کرده است. در تحقیق حاضر منطقه‌ی ویژه‌ی اقتصادی انرژی پارس در بخش شمالی خلیج‌فارس که محل تجمع انبوه تأسیسات استخراج، پالایش، فرآوری و صادرات نفت و گاز است مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. همه‌ساله میزان ­های متنابهی از انواع آلاینده‌های نفتی به ساحل­ های خلیج فارس در این محدوده سرازیر می‌شود. هدف از این تحقیق، تعیین پراکنش و منبع دسته‌ای از آلاینده‌های نفتی خطرناک، تحت عنوان هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای در محدوده بندر عسلویه است.
مواد و روش­ها:
تعداد 15 نمونه در اسفندماه سال 1394 با استفاده از نمونه‌بردار گرپ ون وین در 5 نیم‌خط به‌صورت عمود بر ساحل در محدوده‌ی فازهای 1 تا 5 منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس برداشت شده است. رسوب ­ها در فویل‌های آلومینیومی بسته‌بندی و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. نمونه‌ها توسط دستگاه فریزدرایر خشک شده و ذرات رسوبی ریزدانه (63µm≥) که به دلیل دارا بودن سطح ویژه بالا، قابلیت بیشتری برای جذب آلاینده ها دارند، با استفاده از روش فیزیکی غربال شدند. در نهایت 16 ترکیب از هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای که از نظر آژانس حفاظت محیط‌زیست آمریکا سمی شناخته‌شده‌اند توسط دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی با طیف‌سنج جرمی مورد خوانش قرار گرفت. به این ترتیب میزان حضور این آلاینده ها در منطقه مشخص و پراکنش جغرافیایی این ترکیب­ها در سیستم اطلاعات مکانی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ARCGIS ترسیم و منبع ترکیب­های آروماتیک مشاهده ای نیز به کمک شاخص­های توسعه داده شده تعیین گردید.
نتایج و بحث:
مجموع غلظت‌ 16 ترکیب آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای مورد تاکید سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست آمریکا در ایستگاه­های مورد بررسی در گستره‌ی 6/46 تا 7/84 نانوگرم بر گرم وزن خشک تعیین شده است. منشأ این ترکیب­ها به کمک شاخص‌های توسعه داده شده پتروژنیک یا فسیلی تشخیص داده شده است. ریسک ‌محیط زیستی حضور این ترکیب­ها در رسوب­ها نیز با کمک راهبرد کیفی رسوب­های ایالت فلوریدا تعیین و مشخص گردید. به‌جز  Naphthalene و Acenaphthene، سطح غلظت دیگر هیدروکربن‌های مورد آزمایش پایین‌تر از سطح آثار آستانه‌ای می‌باشد. سطح آستانه‌ای، غلظتی است که پایین‌تر از آن، تاثیر­های بیولوژیکی زیان­ بار در موجوداتی کف زی به‌ندرت مشاهده می‌شود.
نتیجه­ گیری:
مجموع غلظت ترکیب­ های 16 گانه PAHs در سطح منطقه بیانگر آن بوده است که غلظت هیچ یک از ترکیب­ ها از دامنه پایین تاثیرها تجاوز نکرده بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که احتمال رخداد آثار مضر و زیان­بار برای موجودات کف زی در این منطقه و به طبع آن برای دیگر موجودات زنجیره غذایی و انسان در انتهای زنجیره کم است. با توجه به‌شدت بالای رسوب‌گذاری و فرسایش و منشأ فسیلی آلاینده ­های مشاهده شده در سطح منطقه، آلودگی های پیشین شاید زیرلایه ­های رسوبی مدفون شده ­اند، به این دلیل ورود پیوسته آلودگی تاکنون نتوانسته سبب آلودگی شدید رسوب­ های سطحی گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بندر عسلویه؛ خلیج‌فارس؛ رسوب های سطحی؛ راهبرد کیفی رسوب؛ هیدروکربن‌های نفتی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the coast of Pars special economic energy zone (Assaluyeh port)
نویسندگان [English]
Saman Rostami؛ Hasan Amini-Rad؛ Ozeair Abessi
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction:
During the last years, oil and gas exploration, extraction and refinery activities caused a lot of damage to the sensitive environment of the Persian Gulf. In the current study, the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in the northern Persian Gulf was investigated, where oil and gas explorations, extractions, refineries and export infrastructures are concentrated. Each year, large amounts of petroleum-related pollutants discharge into the Persian Gulf in this region. In this research, the spatial distribution and the origin of oil-associated hazardous pollutants i.e., Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Assaluyeh Port were investigated.
Material and methods:
Fifteen samples of the surface sediment of the study area were collected in March 2016, using the Van Veen Grab sampler in five half lines perpendicular to the coast in phases one to five of the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone. Samples were packed in aluminum foils and transferred to the laboratory. Using freeze-drying process, the water was removed from the samples. Pollutants tend to accumulate in fine sediment particles due to the high specific surface area of these particles, and therefore, fine-grained particles (≥63 μm) were separated by physical screening. Finally, 16 compounds of PAHs, which are known as the toxic compounds by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total concentrations of the compounds were measured and their spatial distribution was illustrated using ArcGIS software. The origin of the observed Aromatic Hydrocarbons was also estimated using some indices.
Results and discussion:
Total concentrations of the 16 compounds ranged from 46.6 to 84.7 ng/g dry weight in the sampling stations. The source of compounds was identified using certain petrogenic multiple indices. Furthermore, the environmental risk of the presence of these compounds was estimated using the sediment quality guidelines of the state of Florid. It was shown that except for Naphthalene and Acenaphthene, concentration levels of other PAHs were lower than the threshold level, which is the concentration that destructive biological effects in benthic communities is rarely expected.
Conclusion:
Total concentrations of 16 PAH compounds in the study area showed that the concentration of no compound exceeded the concentration of Effects Range, so it can be concluded that the possibility of harmful effects on benthos communities and other organisms in the food chain and also humans at the top of the chain is low. Considering the high rates of sedimentation and erosion and also the fossil origin of the pollutants, it seems that contaminations are continuously being buried under the new layers of sediment in the study area. Therefore, the continuing source of pollution could not cause serious contamination in the surface sediment of the region.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Asaluyeh port, Persian Gulf, Petroleum hydrocarbons, Sediment quality guidelines, Surface sediments
مراجع
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  49. Boulobassi, I. and Saliot, A., 1993. Dissolved, particulate and sedimentary naturally derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coastal environment: Geochemical significance. Marine Chemistry. 42, 127–143.
  50. Benlahcen, K.T., Chaoui, A., Budzinski, H., Bellocq, J. and Garrigues, P., 1997. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some Mediterranean coastal sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 34, 298–305.
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  52. Budzinski, H., Jones, I., Bellocq, J., Pierard, C. and Garrigues, P., 1997. Evaluation of sediment contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Gironde estuary. Marine Chemistry. 58, 85–97.
  53. Commendatore, M.G., Esteves, J.L. and Colombo, J.C., 2000. Hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of Patagonia, Argentina: Levels and probable sources. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 40(11), 989-998.
  54. Cripps, G.C., 1993. Hydrocarbons in the Antarctic Marine Environment: Monitoring and Background. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 55(1-4), 3-13.
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  56. Hong, H., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Chen, J.C.A., Wong, Y.S. and Wan, T.S.M., 1995. Environmental fate and chemistry of organic pollutants in the sediment of Xiamen and Victoria Harbours, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 31(12), 229-236
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  58. Keshavarzifard, M., Moore, F. Keshavarzi, B. and Sharifi, R., 2018. Distribution, source apportionment and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in intertidal sediment of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf, Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 40(2), 721–735.
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  69. Notar, M., Leskov-Sek, H. and Faganel, J., 2001. Composition, distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42(1), 36-44.
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