سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

قاسمی, مریم, صاحبی, شیرین, مهرگان مجد, جواد. (1399). شناسایی راهبردهای تاب آوری معیشت در برابر مخاطره خشکسالی از دیدگاه خانوارهای روستایی (مورد مطالعه: دهستان گلمکان، شهرستان چناران). , 18(1), 117-136. doi: 10.29252/envs.18.1.117
مریم قاسمی; شیرین صاحبی; جواد مهرگان مجد. "شناسایی راهبردهای تاب آوری معیشت در برابر مخاطره خشکسالی از دیدگاه خانوارهای روستایی (مورد مطالعه: دهستان گلمکان، شهرستان چناران)". , 18, 1, 1399, 117-136. doi: 10.29252/envs.18.1.117
قاسمی, مریم, صاحبی, شیرین, مهرگان مجد, جواد. (1399). 'شناسایی راهبردهای تاب آوری معیشت در برابر مخاطره خشکسالی از دیدگاه خانوارهای روستایی (مورد مطالعه: دهستان گلمکان، شهرستان چناران)', , 18(1), pp. 117-136. doi: 10.29252/envs.18.1.117
قاسمی, مریم, صاحبی, شیرین, مهرگان مجد, جواد. شناسایی راهبردهای تاب آوری معیشت در برابر مخاطره خشکسالی از دیدگاه خانوارهای روستایی (مورد مطالعه: دهستان گلمکان، شهرستان چناران). , 1399; 18(1): 117-136. doi: 10.29252/envs.18.1.117

شناسایی راهبردهای تاب آوری معیشت در برابر مخاطره خشکسالی از دیدگاه خانوارهای روستایی (مورد مطالعه: دهستان گلمکان، شهرستان چناران)

فصلنامه علوم محیطی
مقاله 9، دوره 18، شماره 1، فروردین 1399، صفحه 117-136    اصل مقاله (720.99 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/envs.18.1.117
نویسندگان
مریم قاسمی* ؛ شیرین صاحبی؛ جواد مهرگان مجد
گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دکتر علی شریعتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف:
امروزه تاب آوری، به منزله ­ی یکی از سنجه­ های مؤثر در فرآیند مدیریت بحران، رویکردی اجتماع محور برای ارتقای آمادگی در مواجهه با مخاطرات محیطی محسوب می­ شود. از این رو جوامع در تلاش هستند با افزایش تاب­ آوری در مواجهه با بحران، آسیب­ پذیری را کاهش دهند. براین اساس مطالعه حاضر به شناسایی راهبردهای افزایش تاب­ آوری معیشت خانوارهای روستایی در مواجهه با خشکسالی می ­پردازد.
مواد و روش­ ها:
روش تحقیق توصیفی و واحد تحلیل مطلعان محلی هشت روستای در معرض خشکسالی دهستان گلمکان شهرستان چناران بوده است. در این مطالعه از دو ابزار برنامه ­ریزی راهبردی SWOT و QSPM استفاده شد، در این راستا و براساس مطالعات میدانی و اسنادی گسترده 17 نقطه قوت و فرصت به ­عنوان مزیت و 15 نقطه ضعف و تهدید به­ عنوان محدودیت و تنگنا پیش­روی تاب‌آوری معیشت خانوارهای روستایی در معرض خشکسالی شناسایی و نظرهای 96 نفر از مطلعان محلی سوال شد. آلفای کرونباخ 0.84 بیانگر پایایی مطلوب ابزار تحقیق است.
نتایج و بحث:
نتایج نشان داد در ماتریس SWOT با توجه به امتیاز نهایی در 21.2=IFE و 91.1=EFE، بمنظور افزایش تاب ­آوری معیشت خانوارهای روستایی راهبردهای تدافعی (حداقل - حداقل) بهینه تشخیص داده شد. در این زمینه مهم ترین راهبرد تاب­ آوری معیشت «تنوع­ بخشی اقتصاد نواحی روستایی در معرض خشکسالی»، در ماتریس QSPM با امتیاز 42.2 شناسایی گردید.
نتیجه­ گیری:
ضروری است در نواحی در معرض خشکسالی پایه­ های توسعه را متناسب با کم‌آبی و اقتصاد غیرزراعی شکل داد تا تاب ­آوری معیشتی روستاییان در مواجهه با خشکسالی افزایش یابد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تاب آوری معیشت؛ خشکسالی؛ خانوارهای روستایی؛ تنوع معیشتی؛ SWOT- QSPM
عنوان مقاله [English]
Identify livelihood resilience strategies against drought risk from the point of view of rural households (case study: Dehestan Golmakan, Chenaran county)
نویسندگان [English]
Maryam Ghasemi؛ Shirin Sahebi؛ Javad Mehrganmajd
Department of Geography and Rural Planing, Dr. Ali Shariati Faculty of letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction:
Nowadays, communities are trying to achieve the conditions that would allow them to quickly return to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. So, in recent years, the concept of resilience has been taken into account instead of vulnerability. Due to the frequency of occurrence, universality and having many harmful effects, drought has always been one of the main challenges of the country and has caused many problems in the livelihoods of rural households. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide optimal strategies to enhance the survival of rural households in the face of drought through a general management model based on the prescriptive paradigm.
Material and methods:
A descriptive-analytical research methodology was conducted with a unit of analysis of 96 knowledgeable local people in eight villages exposed to drought in the Golmakan village of Chenaran county in Khorasan Razavi Province. In this study, two strategic planning tools (SWOT and QSPM) were used. In this regard, based on field studies and extensive documentation, 13 strengths and four opportunities were identified as advantages and 12 weaknesses and three threats as limitations for the resilience of rural households exposed to drought. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89 for the 17 advantages equal to 0.69 for respondents for 17, and for the total questionnaire 0.84 for optimal diagnosis.
Results and discussion:
In the SWOT matrix, the final score was 1.33 points more than the final score of the weaknesses with 0.88, also in the external factors evaluation matrix, the final score of the opportunities was 0.99 higher than the final score of the threats with 0.93, Where the total score of the internal matrix is 2.15 and the total final score of the external matrix is 1.91, the system status is weak in the external environment. In this study, six competitive strategies, four diversity strategies, five review strategies, and seven defensive strategies were presented in order to increase the resilience of rural farmers according to the internal and external matrices. According to the final score of IFE=2.21 and EFE=1.91, in order to increase the resilience of rural households, optimal defensive strategies (minimum-minimum) were identified in the IF matrix. In addition, based on the analysis of the QSPM matrix among the seven defensive strategies, the first and most important strategy was identified as "diversifying the economy of rural areas exposed to drought" with a score of 2.42. Exploratory studies indicated the dependency of livelihoods of the rural area in the agricultural area and the lack of diversity in livelihood and occupational structures of villagers. These increased their vulnerability to external impulses. Therefore, the diversification of rural economies in the face of drought is an indispensable necessity.
Conclusion:
Complex and diverse defensive activities in confronting possible and uncertain risks can stabilize household income in order to reduce the vulnerability of households to possible crises over time. Therefore, the best strategy for increasing the livelihoods of rural households is the diversification of the rural economy.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Livelihood resilience, Drought, Rural families, Living variety, SWOT-QSPM
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