Andrews, G., Singh, M., & Bond, M. (1993). The Defense Style Questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(4), 246-56. [Link]

Anestis, M. D., Khazem, L. R., & Law, K. C. (2015). How many times and how many ways: the impact of number of non-suicidal self-injury methods on the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury frequency and suicidal behavior. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45(2), 164-177. [Link]

Brereton, A., & McGlinchey, E. (2019). Self-harm, emotion regulation, and experiential avoidance: A systematic review. Archives of Suicide Research, 1-24. [Link]

Caligor, E., Kernberg, O. F., & Clarkin, J. F. (2007). Handbook of dynamic psychotherapy for higher level personality pathology (1^st Ed.). Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. [Link]

Carvalho, A. F., Hyphantis, T. N., Taunay, T. C., Macêdo, D. S., Floros, G. D., Ottoni, G. L., ... Lara, D. R. (2013). The relationship between affective temperaments, defensive styles and depressive symptoms in a large sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 146(1), 58-65. [Link]

Colman, A. M. (2009). A Dictionary of Psychology (3rd Ed.). Oxford University Press. [Link]

Cramer, P., & Porcerelli, J. H. (2016). Defense Mechanisms. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Mental Health (2^nd Ed.) (pp. 13-17). Oxford: Academic Press. [Link]

Diehl, M., Chui, H., Hay, E. L., Lumley, M. A., Grühn, D., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2013). Change in coping and defense mechanisms across adulthood: longitudinal findings in a European American sample. Developmental psychology, 50(2), 634-48. [Link]

Dumith, S. C., Demenech, L. M., Carpena, M. X., Nomiyama, S., Neiva-Silva, L., & Loret de Mola, C. (2020). Suicidal thought in southern Brazil: Who are the most susceptible? Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 610-616. [Link]

Dworsky, C. K. O., Pargament, K. I., Wong, S., & Exline, J. J. (2016). Suppressing spiritual struggles: The role of experiential avoidance in mental health. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(4), 258-265. [Link]

Eifert, G. H., Forsyth, J. P., Arch, J., Espejo, E., Keller, M., & Langer, D. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders: Three case studies exemplifying a unified treatment protocol. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(4), 368-385. [Link]

Ellis, T. E., & Rufino, K. A. (2015). A psychometric study of the Suicide Cognitions Scale with psychiatric inpatients. Psychological Assessment, 27 (1), 82-89. [Link]

Ellis, T. E., & Rufino, K. A. (2016). Change in experiential avoidance is associated with reduced suicidal ideation over the course of psychiatric hospitalization. Archives of Suicide Research, 20(3), 426-437. [Link]

Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011). Development of a measure of experiential avoidance: The Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 692. [Link]

Granieri, A., La Marca, L., Mannino, G., Giunta, S., Guglielmucci, F., & Schimmenti, A. (2017). The relationship between defense patterns and dsm-5 maladaptive personality domains. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1926. [Link]

Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 55-41. [Link]

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Link]

Hilt, L. M., Hanson, J. L., & Pollak, S. D. (2011). Emotion Dysregulation. In B. B. Brown & M. J. Prinstein (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Adolescence (pp. 160-169). Academic Press. [Link]

Jonbeshi, A., & Abolmaali, Alhoseini, K. (2017). Confirmatory factor analysis of the experiential avoidance questionnaire in high school students. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 11(1), 1-4. [Link]

Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4^th Ed). Guilford Press. [Link]

Links, P. S., Gould, B., & Ratnayake, R. (2003). Assessing suicidal youth with antisocial, borderline, or narcissistic personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(5), 301-310. [Link]

Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T. N., & Schüßler, G. (2008). “Mindful helpers”: Experiential avoidance, meta-emotions, and emotion regulation in paramedics. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(5), 1358-1363. [Link]

Najmi, S. (2013). Thought suppression. Oxford Handbooks Online: Oxford University Press. [Link]

Neacsiu, A. D., Fang, C. M., Rodriguez, M., & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2018). Suicidal behavior and problems with emotion regulation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 48(1), 52-74. [Link]

Perry, J. C., & Metzger, J. (2014). Introduction to "defense mechanisms in psychotherapy". Journal of clinical psychology, 70(5), 405. [Link]

Plutchik, R. (1997). The circumplex as a general model of thestructure of emotions and personality. In: Plutchik, R., & Conte, H. T., editors. Circumplex models of personality and emotions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. [Link]

Pompili, M., Rinaldi, G., Lester, D., Girardi, P., Ruberto, A., & Tatarelli, R. (2006). Hopelessness and suicide risk emerge in psychiatric nurses suffering from burnout and using specific defense mechanisms. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 20(3), 135-143. [Link]

Puhalla, A. A., McCloskey, M. S., Brickman, L. J., Fauber, R., & Coccaro, E. F. (2016). Defense styles in Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Psychiatry Research, 238, 137-142. [Link]

Raudales, A. M., Short, N. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2019). Emotion dysregulation as a prospective predictor of suicidal ideation in an at-risk mixed clinical sample. Archives of Suicide Research, 1-13. [Link]

Rogers, M. L., Ringer, F. B., & Joiner, T. E. (2018). The association between suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts is strongest at low levels of depression. Psychiatry Research, 270, 324-328. [Link]

Roush, J. F., Brown, S. L., Mitchell, S. M., & Cukrowicz, K. C. (2017). Experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and suicide ideation among psychiatric inpatients: The role of thwarted interpersonal needs. Psychotherapy research, 1-10. [Link]

Rudd, M.D., Schmitz, B., McClenen, R., Joiner, T., Elkins, G., & Claassen, C. A. (2010). The Suicide Cognitions Scale: A suicide-specific measure of hopelessness. Manuscript in preparation. [Link]

Sala, M. N., Testa, S., Pons, F., & Molina, P. (2015). Emotion regulation and defense mechanisms. Journal of Individual Differences, 36(1), 19-29. [Link]

Schmalz, J., E., & Murrell, A. R. (2010). Measuring Experiential Avoidance in Adults: The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6(3), 198-213. [Link]

Sepehreinjad, M., & Hatamian, P. (2018). Forecast of suicidal thoughts based on emotional dysregulation and experimental avoidance in nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 13(4), 39-44. [Link]

Teismann, T., Forkmann, T., Brailovskaia, J., Siegmann, P., Glaesmer, H., & Margraf, J. (2018). Positive mental health moderates the association between depression and suicide ideation: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(1), 1-7. [Link]

Vaillant, G. E. (1994). Ego mechanisms of defense and personality psychopathology. Journal of abnormal psychology, 103(1), 44-50. [Link]

Vaillant, G. E. (2012). Defense Mechanisms. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (2^nd Ed.) (pp. 659-666). San Diego: Academic Press. [Link]

Weiss, N. H., Gratz, K. L., & Lavender, J. M. (2015). Factor structure and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of difficulties in the regulation of positive emotions: The DERS-Positive. Behavior modification, 39(3), 431-453. [Link]

Whitman, C. N., & Gottdiener, W. H. (2015). Implicit Coping Styles as a Predictor of Aggression. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(7), 809-824. [Link]

Williams, A. D. (2012). Distress tolerance and experiential avoidance in compulsive acquisition behaviors. Australian Journal of Psychology, 64(4), 217-224. [Link]

Yates, T. M. (2004). The developmental psychopathology of self-injurious behavior: Compensatory regulation in posttraumatic adaptation. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(1), 35-74. [Link]