Abbas, O. L., & Karadavut, U. (2017). Analysis of the factors affecting men’s attitudes toward cosmetic surgery: Body image, media exposure, social network use, masculine gender role stress, and religious attitudes. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 41(6), 1454-1462.‏ [link]

ASPS (2020). Plastic surgery procedural statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. ASPS American society of plastic surgeons. 2020 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. [link]

Brehm, J. W. (1966). A Theory of Psychological Reactance. New York, NY: Academic Press. [link]

Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3-21.‏ [link]

Chae, J. (2018). Explaining females’ envy toward social media influencers. Media Psychology, 21(2), 246-262. [link]

Deane, G. (2017). Is it Instagram-Worthy?. An Exploration of the Impact of Instagram on Body Image Perception Among Irish Women aged, 18-24.‏[link]

DeVries, D. A., Möller, A. M., Wieringa, M. S., Eigenraam, A. W., & Hamelink, K. (2018). Social comparison as the thief of joy: emotional consequences of viewing strangers’ Instagram posts. Media psychology, 21(2), 222-245.‏ [link]

Fardouly, J., Pinkus, R. T., & Vartanian, L. R. (2017). The impact of appearance comparisons made through social media, traditional media, and in-person in women’s everyday lives. Body image, 20, 31-39.‏ [link]

Fardouly, J., & Rapee, R. M. (2019). The impact of no-makeup selfies on young women’s body image. Body Image, 28, 128–134. [link]

Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body image, 12, 82-88.‏ [link]

Fardouly, J., Willburger, B. K., & Vartanian, L. R. (2018). Instagram use and young women’s body image concerns and self-objectification: Testing mediational pathways. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1380-1395.‏ [link]

Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. [link]

Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006). Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: an integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 692link‏

Ghasemi, A. (2017). A qualitative study of women's attitudes and perceptions towards their body. Journal of Applied Sociology, 28(4), 173-194. [link]

Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in personality, 37(6), 504-528.‏ [link]

Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological review, 102(1), 4. [link]

Heinberg, L. J., & Thompson, J. K. (1995). Body image and televised images of thinness and attractiveness: A controlled laboratory investigation. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 14(4), 325-338.‏[link]

Henderson-King, D., & Henderson-King, E. (2005). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery: Scale development and validation. Body image, 2(2), 137-149.‏ [link]

Hendrickse, J., Arpan, L. M., Clayton, R. B., & Ridgway, J. L. (2017). Instagram and college women's body image: Investigating the roles of appearance-related comparisons and intrasexual competition. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 92-100.‏ [link]

Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body image, 17, 100-110.‏ [link]

Iranian surgery. (2019, May 16. ( Rhinoplasty in Iran. [Web log message]. Retrieved from https://iraniansurgery.com/en/rhinoplasty-in-iran

ISAPS Global Statistics. International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. ISAPS International Survey on Aesthetic /Cosmetic Procedures Performed in 2020. [link]

Khabbaz Sabet, S., Keykhosrovani, M., Poladi Rishehri, A., & Bahrani, M. R. (2022). Relationship between Tendency to Cosmetic Surgery with Attitudes to Fashion and Negative Body Image of Women Applying for Cosmetic Surgery Based on the Type of Surgery: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Social Psychology Research, 12(46), 37-60.  [link]

Khazir, Z., Dehdari, T., & Mahmoodi, M. (2014). Attitude of female medical students towards cosmetic surgery and its relation with body image. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 20 (117), 1-9. [link]

Kleemans, M., Daalmans, S., Carbaat, I., & Anschütz, D. (2018). Picture perfect: The direct effect of manipulated Instagram photos on body image in adolescent girls. Media Psychology, 21(1), 93-110.‏ [link]

Lee, S. Y. (2014). How do people compare themselves with others on social network sites?: The case of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 253-260.‏ [link]

Ng, C. H. (2019). Impact of Instagram Influencers on Cosmetic Surgery (Doctoral dissertation, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College).[link]

O’Brien, K. S., Caputi, P., Minto, R., Peoples, G., Hooper, C., Kell, S., & Sawley, E. (2009). Upward and downward physical appearance comparisons: Development of scales and examination of predictive qualities. Body Image, 6(3), 201-206.‏ [link]

Payandeh, R., & NematTavousi, M. (2021). The Mediating Role of Internalization of Societal Ideals in the Relationship Between Sociocultural Attitudes and Body Appearance Dissatisfaction. Social Psychology Research, 10(40), 59-74.  [link]

Rastmanesh R, Gluck ME, Shadman Z. (2009). Comparison of body dissatisfaction and cosmetic rhinoplasty with levels of veil practicing in Islamic women Int J Eat Disord, 42 (4): 339–45. [link]

Sadeghi N, Moradi A, Hasani J, Mohammadkhani S. (2018). Cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions of body image in women interested in cosmetic surgery. Journal of Dermatology and cosmetic, 9 (2), 100-112. [link]

Sarwer, D. B., Cash, T. F., Magee, L., Williams, E. F., Thompson, J. K., Roehrig, M., ... & Anderson, D. A. (2005). Female college students and cosmetic surgery: An investigation of experiences, attitudes, and body image. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 115(3), 931-938.‏[link]

Sensis. The must-know stats from the 2018 yellow social media report [Internet]. Melbourne: Sensis; 2018 [cited 2019 Sep 10]. Available from: https://www.sensis.com.au/about/our-reports/sensis-social-media-report. [link]

Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2018). Social media use in 2018. Pew Research Center. [link]

Sun, Q. (2021). Selfie editing and consideration of cosmetic surgery among young Chinese women: The role of self-objectification and facial dissatisfaction. Sex Roles, 84(11), 670-679.‏ [link]

Statista. (2022, May 23). www.statista.com, [Online]. Available. [link]  

Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. American Psychological Association.‏ [link]

Tiggemann, M., & McGill, B. (2004). The role of social comparison in the effect of magazine advertisements on women's mood and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 23-44.‏ [link]

Tiggemann, M., Brown, Z., Zaccardo, M., & Thomas, N. (2017). “Warning: This image has been digitally altered”: The effect of disclaimer labels added to fashion magazine shoots on women’s body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 21, 107-113.‏ [link]

Tiggemann, M., Hayden, S., Brown, Z., & Veldhuis, J. (2018). The effect of Instagram “likes” on women’s social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Body image, 26, 90-97.‏ [link]

Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2015). “Exercise to be fit, not skinny”: The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body image, 15, 61-67.‏ [link]

Tiggemann, M., & Zinoviev, K. (2019). The effect of# enhancement-free Instagram images and hashtags on women’s body image. Body image, 31, 131-138.‏ [link]