تبیین معیارهای مطلوب استقلال دانشگاهی و آثار آن بر آموزش عالی ایران از منظر حقوقی | ||
| مدیریت و برنامه ریزی در نظام های آموزشی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 13، شماره 1، 1399، صفحه 263-282 اصل مقاله (880.44 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.29252/mpes.13.1.263 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد جلالی1؛ کیومرث قنبری* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.تهران. ایران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: در عصر حاضر، دانشگاه‌ها به‌مثابه سازمان‌هایی تلقی می‌شوند که دارای پیچیدگی‌های فراوان هستند. در این راستا، مسأله اعطای استقلال به دانشگاه‌ها به این پیچیدگی دامن می‌زند. با توجه به اهمیت این مسأله، پژوهش حاضر به تبیین معیارهای مطلوب استقلال دانشگاهی و آثار آن برای آموزش عالی ایران پرداخته است. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر کیفی بوده و از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و از نوع مطلوب برای انتخاب شرکت‌کنندگان در نمونه تحقیق استفاده شد. در این راستا، با مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با 13 نفر از خبرگان و سیاست‌گذاران حوزه آموزش عالی، اشباع نظری در داده‌ها حاصل گردید. در تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی به‌منظور کدگذاری و مقوله‌بندی بهره‌گرفته شده است. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که معیارهای مطلوب استقلال دانشگاهی دربرگیرنده استقلال ساختاری، استقلال محتوایی، استقلال مالی، جامعیت پاسخگویی و استقلال در تصمیم‌گیری می‌شود. هم‌چنین چابک شدن دانشگاه‌ها، پیشتازی در عرصه علم و فناوری، دانشگاه محوری، پاسخگویی دقیق‌تر به ذی‌نفعان بیرونی و اثرات منفی ناشی از آماده نبودن بستر لازم برای اعطای استقلال دانشگاهی به‌عنوان اثرات استقلال دانشگاهی برای حوزه آموزش عالی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در مجموع می‌توان گفت که تمرکززدایی و اعطای اختیارات به دانشگاه‌ها در زمینه امور مربوط به خود، از اولویت‌های اساسی آموزش عالی در نیل به آرمان‌های متصور برای آن در افق چشم‌انداز 1404 است و متولیان و دست‌اندرکاران آموزش عالی لازم است با اتخاذ تدابیر و راه کارهایی به حل مسایل در زمینه اعطای استقلال به دانشگاه‌ها و مساعد نمودن بستر و شرایط لازم برای آن کمک نمایند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| استقلال دانشگاهی؛ آموزش عالی؛ دانشگاه؛ ملاحظات حقوقی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Explaining the Desirable Criteria of Academic Independence and its Effect on Iranian Higher Education from a Legal Perspective | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Jalali1؛ Kiomars Ghanbari2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. candidate in Public Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: In the present era, universities are considered as organizations with a lot of complexities. In this regard, academic independence plays a significant role in creating this complexity. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aims to evaluate the desirable criteria for academic independence and its implications for higher education. Materials and methods: In the present qualitative study, a purposeful sampling method was used for data collection. In this regard, theoretical saturation of the data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 13 experts and policymakers in the field of higher education. Then, a qualitative content analysis was used for coding and categorizing. Result and Discussion: The results indicated that the desirable criteria related to academic independence include structural independence, content independence, financial independence, accountability, and decision-making aspects. Further, the agility of universities, advances in science and technology, focusing on the university as the basis, more accountable external stakeholders, and the negative effects of not being prepared for independency have been considered as the effects of academic independence in the area of higher education. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| academic independence, Higher education, University, Legal Perspective | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Arasteh, H. (2001). Management in Universities Affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Challenges and Shortcomings. Journal of Higher Education Research and Planning, 7 (3): 70-41. Arefi, M. (2005). Curriculum development in higher education. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. Farasatkhah, M. (1998). Higher education on the eve of the 21st century (Report from the World Conference on Higher Education 1998). Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 6 (17), 129-119. Fathi Wajarah, K. & Khosravi, M. (2013). Acceptance of Innovation in Higher Education Curriculum. Tehran: Shakhsiat Publication. Ghafrani, M. B. (2003). Structural Issues of the Iranian Higher Education System and the Ways for its elimination in the Fourth Schedule, Parliament and Strategy, 10 (41): 100-73. Ghiasi, Q., & Khalili, A. (2018). The Role and Position of Government in University Independence, State Research Quarterly, 4 (12): 232-183. Ghourchian, N., Arasteh, H., & Jafari, P. (2004). Higher Education Encyclopedia (c. 1). Tehran: Persian Encyclopedia Foundation. Homayoun Fard, A. (2017). Reflection on Academic Freedom and Independence, Underpinning the Scientific Development of Iran and Providing Appropriate Solutions. Proceedings of the National Conference on University Independence: Challenges and Strategies, Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University Press, pp. 419-446. Javadani, H., Toufiqi, J., Judge Tabatabai, M., & Paghdachi, M.H. (2008). Investigating the Status of Higher Education System Management from the Perspective of Higher Managers: Past, Present, and Future. Higher Education Research and Planning Journal, 14 (2): 161-139. Khorsandi Taskuh, A., & Panahi, M. (2016). Critical Analysis of International University Ranking Systems: Policy Recommendations for Iranian Higher Education, Journal of Higher Education, 8 (3): 136-11. Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology (2000). Regulations delegating curriculum authority to universities. Retrieved January 8, 2014 from Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology (2009). Science and Technology Transformation Document, Supreme Leader's Statements. Retrieved January 10, 2014 from https://strategic.iut.ac.ir/sites/strategic/files/ufiles/t_Sanade%20Tahavol%20%28%2088-6-28%20%29.pdf Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology (2016). Regulation of Delegation of Curriculum Planning Authorities to Universities and Higher Education Institutions. Retrieved December 11, 1977 from https://www.msrt.ir Ministry of Science, Research. and Technology (2000). Regulations delegating curriculum authority to universities. Retrieved January 8, 2014 from https://vpap.um.ac.ir/images/84/baeneme_rizi_darsi/aeen_name/barnamerizi-vagozari1.pdf Nafisi, A. (2001). Higher Education System Analysis, Integration Report No. 6, Higher Education Research and Planning Institute. Rahmani, Gh. & Nasrabad, Z. (2001). Future University Independence, Quarterly Journal of Higher Education Research and Planning, 20: 102-65. Razaq Marandi, H., Rahimzadeh, Kh. & Khajeev, AH. (2013). Institutional Independence of Public Universities Affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran, Journal of Higher Education, 5 (4): 163-137. Shoharinejad, A A. (2004). Philosophy of Education, 7th Edition. Tehran: Amir Kabir Press. Soleimani, N.(2013). Evaluating the Relationship between Organizational Structure and Deployment of Total Quality Management in Islamic Azad Universities of 10 Countries, Management and Planning in Educational Systems, 6 (10): 152-129. Zahedi Asl, M. (2017). The Concept of University Independence, Legal Principles, Obstacles, and Limitations. Proceedings of the National Conference on University Independence: Challenges and Strategies, Tehran: Alameh Tabataba'i University Press, pp. 447-471. Farrant, J. (1987). Central control of the university sector. In: T. Becher, British Higher Education, London, Allen & Unwin. Serkan Ödemiş, İbrahim , Ferda Beytekin, Osman & Emin Uslu, Mehmet (2016), “AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: A COMPARISON OF TURKEY AND SOME EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES”, JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL STUDIES IN THE WORLD, August, Volume 6, Issue 3, Article 10. Singh, Ramesh Chandra& Lohani, Siddharth & Pant, Pankaj (2015), Autonomy in Higher Education: Shifting Paradigm, EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, Vol. III, Issue 1/ April, www.euacademic.org, pp 545-555. Sufean, H & Wong, S.C (2014), “UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: WHAT ACADEMICS THINK ABOUT IT”, International Refereed Research Journal, Vol.–V, Issue–2, April, www.researchersworld.com. Kempkes, G., & Pohl, C. (2008). Do institutions matter for university cost efficiency? Evidence from Germany. CESifo Economic Studies, 54, 177- 203. Estermann, Thomas & Steinel, Monika, (2011), University autonomy in Europe, European University Association, Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 33, Jahrgang. Woelert, Peter (2014), between ''autonomy and control'': A comparative perspective on university governance reforms, Paper presented in track 1 at the EAIR 36th Annual Forum in Essen, Germany, 27-30 August. Woodhall, M. (1992). Changing sources and patterns of finance for higher education: A review of international trends. Higher education in Europe, 17(1), 49-141.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 4,366 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,779 |
||