تدوین برنامه آموزشی کارکردهای اجرایی و ارزیابی اثربخشی آن بر بهبود بازداری پاسخ و حافظهکاری کودکان پیشدبستانی: پژوهش مورد منفرد | ||
فصلنامه روانشناسی کاربردی | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 19، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 73، فروردین 1404، صفحه 55-76 اصل مقاله (759.66 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48308/apsy.2024.237123.1712 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
الهام حکیمی راد* 1؛ عسگر علیمحمدی2؛ زهرا امین آبادی3؛ حمید علیزاده4 | ||
1استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||
2استادیار گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران | ||
3دکترای روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران | ||
4استاد گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین برنامه آموزشی کارکردهای اجرایی و ارزیابی اثربخشی آن بر بهبود بازداری پاسخ و حافظهکاری در کودکان پیشدبستانی انجام شد. روش: پژوهش حاضر نیمهآزمایشی از نوع مورد منفرد و طرح A-B با پیگیری بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کودکان عادی ۵ تا ۶ ساله شهرستان کرج در سال ۱۴۰۱ تشکیل میدادند که از این جامعه، تعداد سه کودک از طریق نمونهگیری دردسترس و بر اساس ملاکهای ورود انتخاب شدند. برنامه مداخلهای تدوینشده در ۱۶ جلسه به-صورت انفرادی اجرا شد. برای جمعآوری دادهها از آزمون برو/ نرو جهت ارزیابی بازداری پاسخ و آزمون ان- بک (N- BACK) برای ارزیابی حافظهکاری استفاده شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، از نمودارهای تحلیل دیداری، ارزیابی محفظه ثبات و روند تغییر، ناهمپوشی دادهها و درصد بهبودی استفاده شد. یافتهها: نتایج مبتنی بر تحلیل دیداری و همچنین درصد دادههای ناهمپوش (PND) نشان داد که برنامه آموزشی کارکردهای اجرایی بر بهبود بازداری پاسخ و حافظهکاری هر سه آزمودنی اثربخش بوده است. نتیجهگیری: برنامه آموزشی کارکردهای اجرایی را میتوان از سنین پیش از دبستان جهت ارتقا سطح این کارکردها به کار برد و این برنامه میتواند توسط والدین، معلمان و درمانگران حیطه کودک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بازداری پاسخ؛ پیش دبستان؛ حافظهکاری؛ کارکردهای اجرایی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Compilation of Training Programs for Executive Functions and Investigating its Effectiveness on improving these Functions in Preschool Children : Single Subject Design | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Elham Hakimirad1؛ Asgar Alimohamadi2؛ Zahra Aminabadi3؛ Hamid Alizadeh4 | ||
1Assistant professor, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Assistant professor of psychologt and education of exceptional children, Faculty of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'I University, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Ph.D. of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Teahran. Iran. | ||
4Professor of psychologt and education of exceptional children, Faculty of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'I University, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing an executive function training program and evaluating its effectiveness on improving response inhibition and working memory in preschool children. Method: The current research was a semi-experimental type of single case and A-B design with follow-up. The statistical population of this research consisted of normal children aged 5 to 6 years old in preschool centers in Karaj province in 2023, and from this population, three normal children were selected through available sampling and based on the entry criteria. The intervention program developed in 16 sessions was implemented individually. To collect data, the Go/No-Go test was used to evaluate response inhibition, and the N-BACK test was used to evaluate working memory. In order to analyze the data, visual analysis was done with trend indicators, percentage of non-overlapping data, and percentage of overlapping data. Results: The results based on visual analysis and non-overlapping data showed that the executive functions training program had a significant effect on improving working memory and response inhibition in all three subjects. Conclusion: The executive function training program can be used from preschool age to improve the level of these functions, and this program can be used by parents, teachers, and child therapists. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Executive Functions, Preschool, Response Inhibition, Working Memory | ||
مراجع | ||
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